viñedo

Forms

viñedo m (plural viñedos)^[1] The edition of the Cancionero de Baena that Cejador used prints the old spelling viniedo.^[2]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin vīnētum (“plantation of vines, vineyard”), reshaped under the influence of viña.^[3][1] Corominas calls it a renewal of the Latin word on the model of the Spanish noun, and names the same formation in Portuguese vinhedo and Italian vigneto and in the Catalan place name ⟨Vinyer⟩.^[4] He thinks the Latin form may have survived unchanged in some Mozarabic speech, to judge by the place name ⟨El Vinet⟩ in Castelló de Rugat, while other Mozarabic place names in Granada and Toledo show a change of suffix.^[4]

DICCA-XV treats it instead as a Spanish derivative of the word for “vineyard”, which continues vīnea (“vineyard”).^[5][6] Nebrija already set it beside olmedo “elm grove” and arboleda “grove” in his 1492 grammar, as a noun of place formed from the name of a plant.^[7] Houaiss likewise derives the Portuguese word from vinha with the suffix -edo.^[8]

The Latin noun is formed from vīnum (“wine”) with the suffix -ētum, which names a grove or plantation.^[9][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Before 1435 Juan García de Vinuesa wrote of vendimias de viñedo “vintages from a vineyard” in a poem of the Cancionero de Baena, known from a copy of about 1465.^[7][2] In 1494 Vicente de Burgos's translation of Bartholomaeus Anglicus explains that a place with a great many vines and vineyards is called viñedo.^[7] The word thus meant a stretch of land covered with vineyards, the sense Nebrija gives in Latin as vinetum.^[10][5]

Semantic evolution

Autoridades (1739) and the Academy's later editions defined it as a pago de viñas, a district of vineyards.^[11][12][13] Salvá (1846) specified a district of vineyards belonging to several owners, and added that it was also used of any planting of vines.^[14] Domínguez (1846–1847) also allowed it for any single vineyard.^[15] The present-day definition is simply land planted with vines;^[3][16][17] Moliner and Vox stress its large size beside viña.^[3][16][17] In the Americas it is recorded from 1571 in Mexico City, and later in Peru, Bolivia and Bogotá.^[18]

Timeline

• 1240–1250 – the CDH tags viñedos in the Libro de Alexandre, but in a copy of the early 15th century.^[7]
• before 1435 – Juan García de Vinuesa uses the word in a poem of the Cancionero de Baena (copy of c. 1465).^[7][2]
• 1492 – Nebrija's Gramática castellana lists viñedo from viña among nouns of place; the first record in a text with no later copy.^[7][19]
• 1494 – Vicente de Burgos's translation of De proprietatibus rerum explains the word.^[7][5]
• c. 1495 – Nebrija's Spanish–Latin vocabulary renders it vinetum, the date Corominas gives as its first record.^[10][6][5]
• 1571 – first record in the Americas, in a vocabulary from Mexico City: “viñedo, lugar de viñas”.^[18]
• 1739 – Autoridades defines it as a district of vineyards, Latin vinetum.^[11]

Meanings

Noun

1. A vineyard: land planted with vides, usually of some size: Desde la carretera se veían hileras de viñedos hasta el horizonte.^[3][1][16]

Related words

• viña
• vino
• viñador
• Latin vīnētum
• Portuguese vinhedo
• Italian vigneto

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Cejador y Frauca, Julio (1929), Vocabulario medieval castellano, Madrid: Librería y Casa Editorial Hernando, p. s.v. viñedo
3. ^ a b c d Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. viñedo
4. ^ a b Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 5, 822
5. ^ a b c d Lleal, Coloma (dir.), DICCA-XV: Diccionario del castellano del siglo XV en la Corona de Aragón, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Grup d'Estudis d'Història de la Llengua (GHCL), https://ghcl.ub.edu/diccaxv, p. s.v. viñedo
6. ^ a b Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. vino
7. ^ a b c d e f g Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. viñedo
8. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. vinhedo
9. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
10. ^ a b Nebrija, Antonio de (1513), Vocabulario español-latino, Salamanca, ed. Marina Vidal Díez (2007), Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, p. 431
11. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 6, 491
12. ^ Real Academia Española (1843), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 9th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Francisco María Fernández, p. 745
13. ^ Real Academia Española (1869), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 11th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de Don Manuel Rivadeneyra, p. 796
14. ^ Salvá, Vicente (1846), Nuevo diccionario de la lengua castellana, París: Librería de Don Vicente Salvá, p. 1116
15. ^ Domínguez, Ramón Joaquín (1846–1847), Diccionario nacional o gran diccionario clásico de la lengua española, 2 vols., Madrid: Establecimiento Léxico-Tipográfico de R. J. Domínguez, p. 2, 1742
16. ^ a b c Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. viñedo
17. ^ a b Battaner Arias, Paz (dir.) (2017), Diccionario general de la lengua española VOX, Barcelona: Larousse Editorial, p. s.v. viñedo
18. ^ a b Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. viñedo
19. ^ Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies (2026), Old Spanish Textual Archive (OSTA): semi-paleographic transcriptions of Old Spanish texts, ed. Francisco Gago Jover et al., https://www.hispanicseminary.org, p. s.v. viñedo