vin

Forms

vin n (plural vinuri)^[1] The 16th-century psalters show the rhotacized forms vinru and viru: „De menrea șuguia cei ce ședea în ușe și menre cânta bându vinru” “those who sat in the gate mocked me, and those drinking wine sang about me” (Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, Psalm 68).^[2][3] The Psaltirea Scheiană has viru: „Sculă-se ca adurmit Domnul, ca tare și îmbătat de viru” “the Lord awoke as one out of sleep, like a mighty man drunk with wine”.^[2]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin vīnum (“wine”).^{[4][5][2][6][1]} Wiktionary traces the Latin word to Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.^[1] De Vaan connects it with οἶνος (oînos) and the Albanian, Armenian and Anatolian words for “wine”, from a word for the vine, while the OLD thinks all of them probably go back to a common Mediterranean source.^[7][8]

The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian vin, Megleno-Romanian vin and Istro-Romanian vir.^[4][9][10] Its Romance cognates include Italian vino, Spanish vino, Catalan vi, Occitan vi, French vin and Portuguese vinho.^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century, in the rhotacized form vinru: in Psalm 4 the psalmist rejoices more than those whose grain and wine have increased.^[5][2][11] The modern form vinul appears in Coresi's psalter of 1570.^[12]

Semantic evolution

The word has kept the sense of the alcoholic drink made by fermenting grape must, and by extension a drink from other fruits; in the plural, vinuri, it names kinds of wine.^[13][14] In church usage it is one of the two elements of the Eucharist.^[5] Old usage has “drunkenness” as a figurative sense.^[5]

Romanian formed taxes and trades on it: vinărici and vinărit were taxes on wine.^[4] Vinars, the Transylvanian name for plum brandy, is a compound “burnt wine” like German Branntwein.^[4] According to Ciorănescu, Romanian gave Bulgarian винерич (vinerič).^[4]

Timeline

• early 16th century – vinru in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, the first record.^[5][11]
• 16th century – Psalm 77 in the Psaltirea Voronețeană.^[15]
• 1570 – vinul in Coresi's psalter.^[12]
• 1642 – the price of wine in a document: „vinul să vinde ocaoa 5 bani”.^[2]
• 1688 – vinul veselește inima omului “wine gladdens the heart of man” in the Bucharest Bible.^[15]

Meanings

Noun

1. wine: the alcoholic drink obtained by fermenting grape must, or more generally the must of other fruits.^[13]
2. A kind or variety of wine (plural vinuri).^[13][16]
3. (Christianity) The wine of the Eucharist, with the bread.^[5][17]

Word family

• vinărici
• vinăricer
• vinărit
• vinărie
• vinariță
• vinicer
• vinars
• vinărsărie
• vinos

Related words

• vie
• Aromanian vin
• Latin vīnum

Usage notes

The plural is vinuri.^[13] A i se urca vinul la cap means to get tipsy, and a pune apă în vin to moderate oneself.^[5] The form vin is also the first person singular of veni “to come”, a separate word.^[18]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. vin
3. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 68:15
4. ^ a b c d e f Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. vin
5. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1480
6. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 9356
7. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
9. ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula
10. ^ Byhan, Arthur (1899), Istrorumänisches Glossar, Sechster Jahresbericht des Instituts für rumänische Sprache zu Leipzig: 174–366, p. 381
11. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 4:8
12. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 103:16
13. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1198
14. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 662
15. ^ a b Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. vin
16. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. vin
17. ^ Dima, Eugenia (coord.) (2007), Dicționar explicativ ilustrat al limbii române, Chișinău: Arc / Gunivas, p. s.v. vin
18. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1407