English words first recorded in the 19th century

It is formed from English fragment + -ation, the base being the noun in the OED's view and the verb in Etymonline's; Merriam-Webster derives it instead from French fragmentation, from fragmenter…

It is formed from English fundamental + -ist. Fundamental, recorded from 1443, is from Late Latin fundāmentālis (“of the foundation”), from fundāmentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to found”). The…

It is formed from graphic and -ics.

It is formed from English inter- (“between”) + personal. Etymonline analyses it as inter- with person and the suffix -al.

It is borrowed from Chinese 功夫 (gōngfu, “skill, expertise; effort and time spent on work”), written kung fu in the Wade–Giles romanization, in Cantonese 功夫 (gūngfu). The Chinese word was already…

It is formed from English lobby + -ist, from the noun in its political sense, the people who gather in the entrance hall of a legislature to influence its members. The noun, first a monastic term…

It is formed from the verb photograph and the agent suffix -er.

Etymonline, Barnhart, Weekley and the American Heritage Dictionary take it as borrowed from French pornographie, from Ancient Greek πορνογράφος (pornográphos, “writing about prostitutes”), a…

It is borrowed from French postal, from poste (“postal service”), or formed in English from post, the mail, on the model of the French adjective.

It is borrowed from French sociologie, a hybrid formed from Latin socius (“companion, associate”), the root of social, and the Greek-derived suffix -logie, from Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía)…

It is formed irregularly from English vegetable + -arian, taking only the first part of vegetable, with the suffix of words such as agrarian and trinitarian. Vegetable goes back through Old French…

It is from German Acrylsäure (“acrylic acid”), a name given in 1843 by J. Redtenbacher, from which the first part acryl- was taken, with the English suffix -ic. Merriam-Webster takes it through…

It is formed from detect and -ive, on the pattern of elect, elective. The noun is short for “detective police” or “detective policeman”.

It is borrowed from French familial, recorded in French from 1830, formed from Latin familia (“family”) with the French suffix -al. It is related to family and familiar.

It is formed from English jig + saw, from the verb meaning to move with a rapid jerking motion up and down and the noun for the cutting tool. The OED notes that the verb comes close to Middle French…

It is borrowed from Hawaiian lei, in which the word means any ornament worn around the neck or on the head, usually one given as a sign of affection. Dictionary.com dates the borrowing to 1835–45…

It is formed from English mal- + nutrition. The base noun is from Middle French nutrition and directly Late Latin nūtrītiō (“action of nourishing”), from Latin nūtriō (“to nourish, suckle, feed”)…

It is borrowed from Māori mana (“authority, prestige, power”), from Proto-Polynesian *mana, from Proto-Oceanic *mana (“storm wind, power in natural phenomena”). It is cognate with Hawaiian mana…

It is formed from English paper + back. The OED compares the earlier adjective paperbound.

It is formed from English society + -al, or, as the OED puts it, from the stem of society with the suffix; it compares the older social. Society itself comes from Old French societe (“company”)…

It is the pet form of the name Bob, Robert, in allusion to Sir Robert Peel, who as Home Secretary organized the London Metropolitan Police in 1829.

It is formed from English bone + -er, partly from the noun and partly, in the butchers' sense, from the verb, to remove the bones from. The slang sense "blunder" is modelled on bonehead, although…

It is borrowed from French crochet (“small hook; knitting needle”), from Old French crochet, a diminutive of croche, croc (“hook”), from Old Norse krókr (“hook”), from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz…

According to the OED it probably represents a child's pronunciation of nanny, perhaps after mama; the American Heritage Dictionary and Merriam-Webster call it a word of baby-talk origin, and the…

It is formed from English simple + -istic, although the OED derives it from simpliste or its source, French simpliste, with the suffix -ic. The French adjective is recorded from 1836 and the noun…

It is formed from English un- + ethical. The OED compares the rarer unethic. Ethical, from about 1600, is itself formed from ethic and -al.

It is a compound of air and craft “vessel”, an image from boating, like many early words of aviation.

It is formed from English a- + typical, with the prefix meaning "not". Collins also records the form atypic.

It is from English bill + board, bill meaning a written public notice.

Its origin is unknown. It is American, first written Josh, and Barnhart and Etymonline suggest that it comes from Josh, the familiar form of Joshua, perhaps as a typical name of an old farmer…

It is from English optimist + -ic.

Etymonline and Barnhart take it as a diminutive of pants with the suffix -y or -ie; the OED treats it as a shortening of the plural of pantaloon with the same suffix, and compares the slightly…

It is borrowed from Italian pizza (“cake, tart, pie”), a word of uncertain origin. Proposed sources include Vulgar Latin *picea, from Latin piceus “of pitch”, Latin pīnsō “to pound” and Ancient…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ψυχικός (psūkhikós, “of the soul, spirit or mind”), formed on ψυχή (psūkhḗ, “soul, mind, life”), the source of psyche. The OED, revising the entry in 2007, takes it…

It is formed from English re- (“again”) + group. The verb group comes from the noun, which is from French groupe (“cluster, group”), from Italian gruppo (“group, knot”), which probably goes back to…

It is formed from English re- + incarnation. The OED compares the earlier adjective and the later verb reincarnate. Incarnation is from French incarnation, from Late Latin incarnātiō, from incarnō…

1. The verb meaning to set a dog on is a dialectal variant of seek, first recorded in American English, as “sick” in 1845 and with the spelling “sic” from 1890. Merriam-Webster calls it an…

The origin is uncertain, and the sources disagree. Etymonline and Barnhart think it is probably a clipping from English tadpole, and the American Heritage Dictionary, the OED, the Oxford Dictionary…

It is imitative of the chirp of a small bird.

It is formed from English crap + -y. The OED compares the earlier shitty. crap itself is of uncertain origin: the OED takes it as probably partly from Anglo-Norman crappe (“chaff”) and Middle French…

It is a compound from English folk + lore, coined by the antiquary William John Thoms. He proposed it in a letter to the “Athenaeum”, dated 12 August and published on 22 August 1846, as “a good…

It is borrowed from French logistique (“the art of quartering troops”), apparently from logis (“lodging”), from Old French logeis (“shelter for an army, encampment”), from loge (see lodge), with a…

It was formed in English from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “nerve, sinew”) and the adjective suffix -al, after other formations in neuro-; Barnhart and Merriam-Webster analyse it as “neur-” +…

It is borrowed from Spanish pinto (“painted, spotted, mottled”), in its American Spanish use, recorded in Spanish from before 1250 and now archaic and regional there. The Spanish adjective is from…

It is formed from English professional + -ism. The adjective is formed from English profession + -al; the noun came into Middle English as professioun, from Old French profession and directly from…

It is borrowed from Spanish salsa (“sauce”), from Vulgar Latin *salsa (“condiment”), originally the feminine of Latin salsus (“salted”), which comes from sāl (“salt”), a relative of salt. The same…

It is borrowed from New Latin therapia, from Ancient Greek θεραπεία (therapeía, “service, attendance; curing, healing”), from θεραπεύω (therapeúō) “to attend, serve; to treat medically”, related to…

It is borrowed from French vaudou, also vaudoux, or in its Louisiana form voudou, from Fon vodun (“god, deity”), compare Ewe vodu (“spirit, tutelary deity, demon”). Barnhart and Dictionary.com name…

It is formed from English aero- + dynamic, after the noun aerodynamics, which Webster's Third takes it as a back-formation from. The noun itself was formed from aero- and dynamics on the model of…

It is a compound of art and work, also written art-work, perhaps modelled on German Kunstwerk.

It is the New Latin plural of bacterium, prompted by French bactérie (1842), from Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion, “small staff”), a diminutive of βακτηρία (baktēría, “staff, cane”) or βάκτρον…

Barnhart and Etymonline take it as borrowed from French colloïde (1845), which is formed from Ancient Greek κόλλα (kólla, “glue”) and the suffix -oid. Merriam-Webster Unabridged calls it an…

It is formed from English dash + board, from the verb dash in the sense of splashing or striking: the board kept mud from being "dashed" into the vehicle. The verb is probably from a Scandinavian…

It is borrowed from French lactose, which Etymonline and the OED trace to the French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas, in his “Traité de chimie appliquée aux arts” (1843); Klein credits the coinage to…

It is formed from English land + -er, as an agent noun from the verb.

It is formed from English psyche + -osis, after German Psychose, which appears in 1845 in the German passage translated in the first English record, and after neurosis. Barnhart and Merriam-Webster…

It is borrowed through French référendum and German Referendum from Latin referendum (“a thing to be referred, brought back”), the neuter gerundive of referō, to bring back (see refer).

It is formed from English short + -y, with the noun suffix used for pet names and nicknames; it is also spelled “shortie”.

It was formed in English from Latin spatium (“space”), the source of space, and the adjective suffix -al. Etymonline and Barnhart explain it as the adjective to space, matching temporal for time…

It is formed from up and grade.