English words first recorded in the 19th century

It is formed from English cheek + -y, from cheek in its colloquial sense of insolence or impudence, recorded from 1823.

It is formed from English down + grade, originally of a downward slope on a railway or road. The verb is formed with the prefix down- on the verb grade, after the noun. The second element is from…

It is formed from English glamour + -ous, with the -u- dropped, as usual in such derivatives (see -or). Glamour, originally Scottish, is an alteration of grammar used with the sense of gramarye…

It is borrowed from French glucose, formed irregularly on Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “must, sweet wine”), which is related to γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”), with the chemical suffix -ose. The OED…

It is formed from English intern + -ship. The noun intern is from French interne (“assistant doctor”), a noun use of the adjective interne (“internal”), from Latin internus (“within, inward”).

It is formed from English inter- + play, with inter- in the sense "between, mutually". The verb is formed from the prefix and the verb play.

It is formed from inter-, between, and state in the American sense.

The origin is unknown. The OED calls it obscure and compares the dialect verb lurry (“to pull, drag”); Etymonline and Merriam-Webster take the noun as probably from that verb, and the American…

It is borrowed from French mobiliser, formed from mobile (“movable”) with the suffix -iser, the French counterpart of -ize. In French the verb is recorded from 1765 in law, for declaring property…

It is formed from the verb post, to fasten up a notice, and -er.

It is a colloquial shortening of professor.

It is borrowed from French protéine, also German Protein, coined in 1838 by the Dutch chemist Gerardus Johannes Mulder, perhaps on the suggestion of Berzelius, from Ancient Greek πρωτεῖος (prōteîos…

It is formed from English semi- + conductor. The prefix is from Latin semi- (“half”), from Proto-Indo-European *semi- (“half”). The base noun is from French conductour, from Latin conductor (“one…

It is formed from English silver + ware. Etymonline describes it as an American English word, first found in commercial advertisements.

It is from English trade + mark, mark in the sense of a stamp, seal or brand placed on an article to show its owner or origin (mid-13th century).

It is borrowed from French turbine, from Latin turbō (“spinning top; whirlwind, eddy; anything that whirls”), which is related to turba (“turmoil, crowd”), the source of turbid, disturb and trouble…

It is formed from English upheave + -al, which the OED analyses as up- + heave + the noun suffix. The base verb, recorded from before 1300, is from Middle English upheven, from up and heven (“to…

It is formed from English wind + shield. The OED compares the earlier windbreak for the general sense, and the slightly earlier windscreen for the sense used of motor vehicles.

It is a compound from English bed + rock. Dictionary.com marks it as an Americanism.

It is borrowed from Spanish cafetería (“coffee shop, retail coffee store”), a word of Mexican and Latin American Spanish. Barnhart and Etymonline analyse it as café (“coffee”) with the suffix -tería…

It is borrowed from French carnivore (“flesh-eating”), a French word that Etymonline dates to the 16th century, from Latin carnivorus (“flesh-eating”). The Latin adjective is formed from carō…

It is borrowed from French cellulose, formed from cellule (“small cell”) and the suffix -ose (as in -ose), after glucose. The French noun comes from Latin cellula (“little cell”), a diminutive of…

It is formed from English final + -ist. Merriam-Webster takes it instead from French finaliste, formed from final and -iste; the OED, which revised the entry in 2025, only compares the French word…

It is a compound from English fire + fighter.

It is a shortening of influenza.

It is a back-formation from gridiron, or a shortening of gridiron or griddle.

It is formed from English hall + way. Dictionary.com marks it as an Americanism.

It was formed from English inspiration + -al in English.

It is often said to come from an Australian Aboriginal word joè, but Etymonline notes that it is now more often called of unknown origin, perhaps an extended use of the name Joey, a pet form of…

It is from English out- + put, formed after the verb phrase put out. SOED compares the earlier input.

It was coined in 1839 by the English scientist Sir John Herschel from photo- and -graph, from Ancient Greek φῶς (phôs, “light”) (genitive phōtós) and Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō, “to write, draw”)…

It was formed in English from photo- and -graphic, after photographie or English photography; other dictionaries derive it from photograph with the suffix -ic. The OED notes that Charles…

It is formed from English photo- + -graphy, from Greek phōs, phōtós “light” and -graphía “writing”, from gráphein “to write”. It is related to photograph.

1. The noun meaning shoddy goods is probably a back-formation from English tatty (“shabby”). Merriam-Webster derives it from tat "rag", perhaps a back-formation from tatty. The OED, which records…

The OED takes it as borrowed from German Tuberculosis, recorded from 1830 or earlier and often attributed to J. L. Schönlein, now Tuberkulose. Other dictionaries call it a New Latin tūberculōsis…

It is formed from English un- + beatable. Merriam-Webster and the Shorter Oxford analyse it as the prefix, the verb beat and the suffix -able.

It is formed from English view + point. The OED compares the earlier point of view, and Dictionary.com takes viewpoint as an alteration of that phrase, modelled on standpoint.

It is formed from biology and the suffix -ical. Biology was borrowed in 1819 from German Biologie, also used by Lamarck in 1802, from Ancient Greek βίος (bíos, “life”) and -λογία (-logía, “study”).

The whiskey is named after Bourbon County, Kentucky, where it was first made, supposedly in 1789. Partridge explains bourbon as short for Bourbon whisky. Etymonline says the county was organized in…

It is borrowed from French communisme, formed on commun (“common”) (from Old French comun, Latin commūnis) and the suffix -isme. The OED says that the French term was coined in 1840, independently…

It is formed from English disrupt + -ive, or, as the OED puts it, from the participial stem Latin disrupt- with -ive. The verb disrupt is from disruptus, the past participle of disrumpō (“to break…

It is borrowed from French format, partly through German, from New Latin liber formātus (“a book formed”) in a certain shape and size, from the past participle of Latin fōrmō “to form”, from forma…

It is borrowed from German Methyl, or directly borrowed from French méthyle; Barnhart, the American Heritage Dictionary and Collins give only the French word. Both are back-formations from the names…

It is borrowed from French orthopédique, from orthopédie (“orthopedics”), a word coined in 1741 by the French physician Nicholas Andry (1658–1742), the author of “L’orthopédie, ou l’art de prévenir…

It is a shortening from English pantaloons, the plural of pantaloon.

It is formed from English path + finder. For the Scouting sense the OED compares German Pfadfinder, found in 1909 in a German adaptation of Baden-Powell's “Scouting for Boys” (1908).

It is borrowed from French revue (“review, survey”), the noun use of the feminine past participle of revoir (“to see again”). The French word goes back to Old French reveue, which English had…

It is formed from English ultra- (“beyond”) + violet, literally "beyond the violet", that is, outside the violet end of the visible spectrum. The prefix is from Latin ultrā (“beyond”); violet came…

It is formed from English un- + predictable. The adjective predictable, recorded from 1820, is from predict and -able, and predict goes back to Latin praedīcō (“to say beforehand, foretell”), from…

It was formed in English on billion with the suffix -aire, after millionaire. The OED compares French billionnaire, recorded slightly earlier, in 1839, but rare, the usual French word being…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κεραμικός (keramikós, “of pottery”), from κέραμος (kéramos, “potter's clay, pottery, earthen vessel”), first spelled keramic after the Greek; the spelling with c…

It is borrowed from French communiste, from commun “common” (see common) and -iste (see -ist).

It is borrowed from Latin cōnifer (“cone-bearing”), probably under the influence of French conifère, formed from cōnus (“cone”) and -fer (“bearing”). The first part comes from Ancient Greek κῶνος…

It is borrowed from New Latin Dinosauria, with the ending dropped, or dinosaurus; the scientific name was coined by the English anatomist Sir Richard Owen in 1841, from Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κινητικός (kīnētikós, “moving, putting in motion”), from κινητός (kīnētós, “moved”), the verbal adjective of κινέω (kīnéō, “to move”). Etymonline traces the verb to…

It is formed from English nucleus + -ar, probably influenced by French nucléaire. Latin nucleus (“kernel”) is a diminutive of nux (“nut”).

It is borrowed from German Ozon, coined in 1840 by the German chemist Christian Friedrich Schönbein, from Ancient Greek ὄζω (ózō, “to smell”), so called from the gas's pungent smell. Barnhart…

It is formed from English phonetic + -ics. The adjective is from New Latin phoneticus, used in 1797 by Zoëga, from Ancient Greek φωνητικός (phōnētikós, “vocal, relating to speech”), from φωνητός…

It is formed from English sprint + -er. Sprint itself is probably an alteration of sprenten (“to leap, spring”), from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse spretta (“to jump up”); the OED leaves…

It is formed from English fore- + word, probably modelled on or translated from German Vorwort (“preface”), which was itself modelled on Latin praefātiō (“preface”). The OED only compares the German…