English words first recorded in the 19th century

It is from English spot + light (both nouns).

It is borrowed from French barre (“bar”), from Old French barre, from Vulgar Latin *barra, which the American Heritage Dictionary takes to be of Gaulish origin. Etymonline notes that a Gaulish…

Its origin is uncertain. It is perhaps a variant of the dialect word geck (“a fool, dupe”), recorded from the early 16th century, which is apparently borrowed from Low German geck or Dutch gek…

It is borrowed from Japanese 俳句 (haiku). According to Etymonline, it was telescoped in the late 19th century, supposedly by the poet Shiki, from a phrase meaning "comic verse", joining the Japanese…

It is formed from English procedure + -al. The OED compares French procédural, recorded in Littré in 1877. Procedure is from French procédure (“manner of proceeding”), from Old French proceder (“to…

It is a compound, from English quarter + back, named from the player's position at the start of play, between the halfback and the centre.

It is a clipping of scrummage, itself a variant of scrimmage. Scrimmage is an alteration of skirmish, through the older variant scrimish, with the ending changed to -age. Wiktionary takes scrum as…

It is formed from English single + -ton, on the model of simpleton; the OED takes the ending from surnames that end in -ton. Weekley and Barnhart see a jocular use of the surname Singleton with the…

It is formed from English surf + -er, from the noun or the verb surf. The OED compares the slightly later surfboarder, and takes the computing sense as probably modelled on channel surfer. The noun…

It is formed from English cycle + -ist, with cycle in the sense of a bicycle, tricycle or similar machine, a word taken from the ending of bicycle and tricycle. Etymonline explains it as bicycle…

It is borrowed from New Latin nova, the feminine of Latin novus (“new”) (see new), used with stēlla (“star”), a feminine noun, for a new star not known before. Tycho Brahe's account of the new star…

It is borrowed from French opter (“to choose”), from Latin optō (“to choose, desire”) (see option).

It is formed from English re- + usable, after the verb reuse, while Merriam-Webster takes it as reuse with the suffix -able.

It is formed from English tone + -y, its sense influenced by ton “fashionable society”.

It is a clipping, at different times, of translation, transmission, transgender and transsexual, all formed with trans-. In chemistry it is an independent use of the prefix trans-, from Latin trāns…

It is a shortening of graphic formula (1866) (see graphic), a chemical diagram in which lines show the connections of elements. Graphic is from Latin graphicus, from Greek γραφικός (graphikós), from…

1. The telephone is a shortening of telephone. 2. The speech sound is borrowed from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound, voice”), from Proto-Indo-European *bhā- (“to speak, tell, say”), the root also…

The origin is unclear. The American Heritage Dictionary, the Merriam-Webster Unabridged and Klein take it as probably a back-formation from English shackly (“shaky, rickety”), a dialect word of the…

It was formed from English ecology + -ical in English. Ecology goes back to German Oecologie (now Ökologie), coined by the zoologist Ernst Haeckel in 1866 from Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos, “house…

It is formed from English main + line, first as the noun main line, the principal line of a railway, recorded from 1841. The adjective is a use of that noun, and the verb either comes directly from…

It is formed from English microbe + -ial. Etymonline takes it from New Latin microbion with -al. The OED compares the slightly earlier microbic and microbian. Microbe is from French microbe, coined…

It is formed from English opportunist + -ic. Opportunist is formed from opportune and -ist, probably after opportunism or German Opportunist, with Italian opportunista; Merriam-Webster takes it from…

It is formed from English pre- (“before”) + school.

It is a compound, from English wild + life, also written separately.

It is formed from English astro- + -naut, on the pattern of aeronaut, perhaps by way of French astronaute. Astro- goes back to Ancient Greek ἄστρον (ástron, “star”), and -naut to Ancient Greek…

It is formed from English back + stage, from the adjective back and the noun stage in its theatre sense. Merriam-Webster explains the adverb as back used like a preposition, on the pattern of…

It is formed from English inter- (“between”) + racial (“of race”). Merriam-Webster also allows a formation from race, and records a variant interrace.

It is formed from English lip + stick, a stick of lip rouge. Lip is from Old English lippa, and stick is from sticca (“twig, rod, peg”). Dictionary.com marks it as an Americanism.

It is formed from English micro- + biology, as an international scientific word. The OED compares French microbiologie, recorded from 1883. Micro- goes back to Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós…

It is formed from English micro- + organism, perhaps after French micro-organisme, recorded in 1876. Merriam-Webster classes it as International Scientific Vocabulary. The prefix comes from Ancient…

It is formed from English patho- + -gen, after pathogenesis and similar words; Etymonline and Barnhart call it a back-formation from pathogenic, which came from French pathogénique. The first…

It is formed from English space + ship, after airship.

It is formed from therapy and -ist.

It is formed from English visualize + -ation. Merriam-Webster treats it as an international scientific word. Visualize is formed from visual and -ize; Etymonline finds the verb in Coleridge's…

It is short for wienerwurst, borrowed from German Wienerwurst (“Vienna sausage”), from Wiener (“of Vienna”), an adjective from Wien (“Vienna”), and Wurst (“sausage”). German itself uses Wiener…

It is formed from English xeno- + -phobia, the first part from Ancient Greek ξένος (xénos, “stranger, guest, foreigner”), the second from φόβος (phóbos, “fear”). Etymonline relates the Greek noun to…

It is borrowed from German Enzym, coined by the physiologist Wilhelm Kühne in 1877 (Etymonline and Klein: 1878), from Byzantine Greek ἔνζυμος (énzumos, “leavened”), formed from Ancient Greek ἐν (en…

It is borrowed from Finnish sauna. Klein glosses the Finnish word literally as "bathroom".

It is formed from English sub- + set, with set in the sense of a group or collection of things.

It is a shortened and altered form of bicycle.

It is formed from demography and -ic, or taken from French démographique.

It is formed from English head + -phone. Etymonline takes the second element as taken out of telephone. The second element goes back to Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “voice, sound”).

It is formed from English maximum + -al, and Etymonline and Klein take the first part directly from Latin maximus (“greatest”). The OED, revised in 2001, allows either this formation, perhaps…

It is formed from English slow + down, from the phrasal verb slow down. The OED compares the earlier noun slow-up, and Etymonline records the verb slow up in the same sense by 1881.

It is from volt with the suffix -age.

It is formed from English activate + -ion (see -ation); compare French activation (1835). The verb comes from active and the suffix -ate (1620s), and the adjective from Latin āctīvus, from āctus (“a…

It is borrowed from French automobile, an adjective of 1861 and a noun of 1890, formed from auto- (“self”), from Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós, “self”) (see auto-), and mobile (“moving”), from Latin…

It is formed from English bike + -er, at first from the noun and later partly from the verb bike. The noun bike is a shortened and altered form of bicycle, recorded from 1882 in American English.

It is borrowed from Italian diva (“goddess, fine lady”), from Latin dīva (“goddess”), the feminine of dīvus (“god; divine”), the source of divine. Barnhart notes the Italian sense "goddess" in…

It is of unknown origin; it came into vogue in New York in 1883. Recent research reported by Etymonline suggests a shortening of Yankee Doodle, from the song's idea of a foppish man, and Word…

It is from French named after “Fédora”, a drama (1882) by the French playwright Victorien Sardou (1831–1908), and its heroine, the Russian princess Fédora Romanoff, played by Sarah Bernhardt. The…

It is from English literate + -cy, on the pattern of the older illiteracy.

It is formed from English neo- + natal, after New Latin neonātus (“newborn”), which the OED finds in 1848 or earlier. Chambers derives it from the New Latin word, a compound of Ancient Greek νέος…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “sinew, cord, nerve”), in its main sense after German Neuron, the term of the German anatomist W. Waldeyer in 1891; Barnhart and Etymonline give the…

It is formed from English standardize + -ation, the verb being itself formed from English standard + -ize, which Klein calls a hybrid, the suffix being of Greek origin.

It is a spelling of all right as one word, compounded of all and right. MWU traces it to Middle English alright, alriht.

It is formed from English gang + -ster, from gang in its criminal sense.

It is apparently named after J. Theodore Gurney of Boston, Massachusetts, who patented a new design of horse-drawn cab in 1883, the “Gurney cab”; the OED cites a study by Tamony (1966)…

It is formed from English pediatric + -ics, the adjective with the plural suffix -s, as in the later geriatrics, according to Barnhart. Merriam-Webster analyses it as from English paed- + -iatrics…

It is a colloquial shortening of picture.