English words first recorded in the 19th century

It is borrowed from French enclave, a noun formed from the verb enclaver (“to enclose, shut in”), from Old French enclaver (“to enclose, comprise, include”), recorded from the 13th century. The…

It is borrowed from French expertise (“expert appraisal, expert's report”) (16th century), Middle French expertness, from expert (see expert).

1. The baseball word is short for home run; it is from English home + -er. 2. The measure is borrowed from Biblical Hebrew חֹמֶר (ḥōmer).

It is formed from English inhibit + -or, as an agent noun in Latin form; the OED compares Medieval Latin inhibitor and Italian inhibitore, recorded by Florio in 1611. The form inhibiter is older…

It is formed from English mono- + oxide, as an international scientific term. Barnhart and Klein give the shorter form of the prefix, mon-. Mono- is from Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “single…

It is borrowed from Italian scenario, from scena (“scene”), from Late Latin scenarius, of stage scenes, or Latin scaenarium, from scēna (“stage, scene”) (see scene). An earlier nativized form was…

It is formed from English stream + line, line in the sense of a line of flow. The verb is from the noun, or, as the Shorter Oxford also suggests, a back-formation from streamlined.

It is formed from English type + writer, in American English. Type is from Latin typus (“figure, image, form, kind”), from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “a blow, impression, mark”), from τύπτω (túptō…

It is formed from English bacterium + -al, or from bacteria and -al; Merriam-Webster treats it as an international scientific formation from bacteri- and -al. bacterium is from Ancient Greek…

It is formed from English interview + -er, from the verb. The verb comes from the noun interview, which is from Middle French entrevue (“meeting between two or more people”), the noun use of the…

It is formed from English post + card, apparently first on the model of German Postkarte. The post is the noun for the mail, and the card a piece of stiff paper. The OED compares postal card…

It is from English promotion + -al.

It is formed from English psychiatry + -ist. That noun, recorded from 1828, was formed after German Psychiatrie (1808), according to the OED, while Etymonline and Barnhart take it from French…

It is formed from English rape + -ist, an agent noun from the verb rape in the OED and Etymonline, but formed on the noun in the Shorter Oxford. The verb is based both on the noun and on…

It is borrowed from French tonne (“ton, tun”), the French form of ton, adopted in English for the metric ton of 1,000 kilograms. The French word comes from Old French tonne, from Late Latin tunna…

It is formed from English up- + beat, originally a noun in music, the beat of a bar at which the conductor's hand or baton is raised. The adjective is a conversion of the noun: Etymonline traces it…

It is formed from English class + -y, the noun coming from French classe and Latin classis (“a class, division”).

It is formed from English human + -oid. Etymonline calls it an anthropological hybrid, and Klein explains it as a hybrid of Latin hūmānus (“human”) and Ancient Greek -οειδής (-oeidḗs, “like”), from…

It is formed from English show + down, after the phrasal verb “to show down”, to lay one's hand face up at poker. Dictionary.com marks it as an Americanism. Etymonline notes the hyphenated spelling…

1. The medical word is borrowed from Latin statim (“immediately”) in shortened form, an adverb that first meant “to a standstill”, a fossilized accusative of a lost noun related to Ancient Greek…

It is a compound of under and wear (noun), so called because it is worn under one's clothing.

It is a compound from English ball + park, short for a baseball (or football) park. The verb is a conversion of the noun.

It is borrowed from Late Latin collabōrō (“to work together”), from its past participle collabōrātus, or perhaps from French collaborer, itself from the Latin verb. The Latin verb is formed from…

It is a shortening of gymnasium, and also of gymnastics.

It is borrowed from New Latin helium, coined from Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”) with the ending -ium used in selenium and tellurium, because the element was first inferred from a line in the…

It is borrowed from Navajo hooghan (“dwelling, home”), a word of the Athabaskan family. The OED analyses it as an areal prefix hoo- and -ghan (“to reside, have one's home”); Webster's Third and…

It is a compound, from English night + club, with club in its social sense of an association of people who meet in their own premises. Dictionary.com marks it as an Americanism. The verb, to go to…

Most dictionaries take it as borrowed from French centriste, from centre, from Latin centrum. The OED instead treats it as formed in English from centre in its political sense and the suffix -ist…

It is formed from coast and -al.

It is formed from English connective + -ity. Connective itself is formed from connect and -ive, recorded from the 1650s.

It is from genetic with the suffix -ics, coined in its biological sense by the English biologist William Bateson.

It is from Ancient Greek μεταβολή (metabolḗ, “change”) with the English suffix -ism, formed after the adjective metabolic; Etymonline takes it from French métabolisme, and Barnhart sees both the…

It is borrowed from Balti polo (“ball”), from Balti, a Tibetan language of the upper Indus valley in Kashmir, which English first knew as an Anglo-Indian word. The OED compares Lhasa Tibetan pulu…

It is a compound from English stock + pile, originally American. Stock, here a supply for future use, goes back to Old English stocc (“stump, post, trunk”), and pile, a heap, is from Old French pile…

It was coined as a trademark by Robert A. Chesebrough, from German Wasser (“water”), Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “oil”) and the chemical suffix -ine. The name reflects Chesebrough's belief that…

It is a compound, from English desk + top.

It is borrowed from German Ökologie (earlier spelled with an initial diphthong), a term coined by the German zoologist Ernst Haeckel in a work of 1866 from οἶκος (oîkos, “house, dwelling”) and the…

It is borrowed from New Latin fibrosis, a hybrid coinage of medical Latin formed from fibra (“a fibre, filament; entrails”) and the suffix -ōsis, which is of Greek origin and in medicine denotes a…

It is borrowed from Latin lūmen (“light; an opening”), used in New Latin for a passage or cavity. The name of the unit of light is borrowed from French lumen, coined in French in 1894 by the…

It is formed from English lymph + -oma, after carcinoma and similar words; Merriam-Webster and Dictionary.com call it New Latin. The first element is from French lymphe, from Latin lympha (“water…

It is formed from motivate or motive and -ation, perhaps after German Motivation, attested by 1854.

It is an irregular clipping from English rotator, which Barnhart compares with vector. Rotator is from Latin rotātor (“one who makes something spin”), from rotō (“to turn round, revolve”). The…

It is a compound from English suit + case, with suit in the sense of a set of clothes and case in the sense of a box or container.

It is formed from English toxic + -ity, after French toxicité, recorded in 1845 or earlier. Merriam-Webster classes it as International Scientific Vocabulary. The adjective toxic comes from Late…

It was formed in English from the stem of automatic and automaton, with the suffix -ion; other dictionaries call it an irregular formation from automatic and -ation or, like Barnhart, a contraction…

It is formed from English clock + -wise, the suffix meaning "way, manner", as in lengthwise.

It is probably borrowed from French cocaïne (1856), formed from coca, from Spanish coca, from Quechua kuka, and the chemical suffix -ine. Etymonline credits the coinage to Albert Niemann of the…

It is formed from inter- and face, a surface.

It is borrowed from Spanish mariguana (“Mexican Spanish mariguana, marihuana”), of obscure or uncertain origin. Etymonline notes that the plant was not native to Mexico, so a native source for the…

It is borrowed from French massage (“friction, kneading”) (by 1819), from masser, to massage, possibly from Arabic مَسَّ (massa), to touch, feel, handle, perhaps picked up in Egypt during Napoleon's…

It is borrowed from French sémantique, which Etymonline says Michel Bréal applied in 1883 to the psychology of language, and which Klein calls Bréal's coinage, from his “Essai de sémantique”. The…

1. It is borrowed from Japanese 円 (en, “round, circle”), written yen in the first European romanizations of Japanese, from Chinese 圓 (yuán, “round, round object, circle; dollar”), referring to the…

It is borrowed from French aérobie (“organism living only in the presence of oxygen”) with the suffix -ic. The French word was coined in 1863 by Louis Pasteur, of certain bacteria, from Ancient…

It is a shortening of dynamo-machine, itself short for dynamo-electric machine, a translation of German Dynamomaschine and dynamoelektrische Maschine. The German engineer Werner von Siemens…

It is a compound from English full + back, the adjective full and the noun back in its sporting sense of a player stationed behind the forwards. The OED spells it with a space, and Etymonline also…

It is borrowed from Zulu impala, which Barnhart, Etymonline and the Shorter Oxford write with a hyphen after the prefix. The American Heritage Dictionary analyses it, with tone marks, as the noun…

It is apparently from the surname Nelson, but whose name it was is unknown.

It is formed from English program + -er, as an agent noun from the verb. The verb program (1889, at first "to write programme notes") comes from the noun, which is from Late Latin programma…

It is from English spot + light (both nouns).

It is borrowed from French barre (“bar”), from Old French barre, from Vulgar Latin *barra, which the American Heritage Dictionary takes to be of Gaulish origin. Etymonline notes that a Gaulish…