English words first recorded in the 19th century

It is borrowed from Japanese 桜 (sakura).

It was invented by the British comedian Arthur Roberts (1852–1933) as the name of a game of hoaxing and nonsense. Etymonline and Barnhart give the earlier spelling “Spouf” (1884), and Etymonline…

It is a compound from English band + width, with band in the sense of a strip.

It is formed from English boost + -er, the agent noun of the verb boost, an American word recorded from 1815 and of unknown origin. The word began as an Americanism.

It is borrowed from Hindi देसी (desī, “indigenous, rural, from the country”), ultimately from a Sanskrit adjective meaning belonging to a country, provincial or native, formed from the Sanskrit noun…

It is borrowed from French égalitaire, adapted with the English suffix -ian. The French word is formed from égalité (“equality”) and -aire; the noun is from Latin aequālitās, from aequālis…

It is a borrowing from Arabic, in which the noun meant the action of veiling and the garment used for it, or more generally a cover, screen or curtain. The Arabic noun comes from a verb meaning to…

Its origin is unknown or uncertain. The OED, in its 2023 revision, quotes an 1885 article in the “Daily Globe” of St Paul, Minnesota, that explains Hobo as a call to attract attention among tramps…

It is formed from English percent + -ile, after quartile, decile and octile, and, Merriam-Webster adds, probably sextile. Etymonline credits the coinage to the English scientist Francis Galton. The…

It is a shortened form from English jinrikisha (1873), which is from Japanese 人力車 (jinrikisha), from 人 (jin, “man”), 力 (riki, “power”) and 車 (sha, “carriage”). The elements are said to be ultimately…

It is borrowed from Portuguese samba, also zamba, a word of African origin. The American Heritage Dictionary suggests that it may come from Kongo semba, a dance move in which partners push out their…

It is formed from English contra- (“against”) + conception, with the first syllable of conception dropped, so that the new word keeps only its ending. The prefix comes from Latin contrā (“against”)…

It is formed from English di- + -ode, from Ancient Greek δι- (di-, “twice, doubly”) and ὁδός (hodós, “way”). The Oxford Dictionary of English takes the second part as a shortening of electrode…

It is formed from English impede + -ance, as a term introduced by Heaviside. Etymonline notes that the classically correct formation would be “impedience”. The verb comes from Latin impediō (“to…

It is borrowed from Biblical Hebrew מְנוֹרָה (mĕnōrāh, “lampstand, candlestick”), from the root נור (nwr, “to give light, shine”), which also gave the Hebrew word for a lamp. Klein lists relatives…

1. The sprite is inherited from Middle English pouke, also puke, inherited from Old English pūca (“goblin, mischievous spirit”), probably from Proto-Germanic *pūkô (“goblin, spook”), through *pūkō…

The OED, in its 2023 revision, takes it as borrowed from German Toxin, coined in German in 1886 from Latin toxicum (“poison”) and the German suffix -in, and compares the later French toxine (1889)…

It is imitative of a buzzing or humming sound. An imitative interjection zoom is recorded earlier, from 1856.

It is borrowed from French biopsie, a word coined by the French dermatologist Ernest Besnier, who used it in 1879. The French word was formed from Ancient Greek βίος (bíos, “life”) and ὄψις (ópsis…

1. The verb meaning to hit is imitative of the sound of a blow. Green's Dictionary of Slang derives it from the Kentish dialect verb bop, to throw something down with a loud noise, which it calls…

It is formed from English environment + -al. It is related to environ.

It was coined in 1887 as a trademark by the German-born American inventor Emile Berliner, as an inversion of phonogram (1884), the tracing made by a phonograph needle. This was formed from Ancient…

It is borrowed from French infrastructure (1875), formed from infra- “below” and structure.

It is formed from English stabilize + -ation. The verb stabilize is from French stabiliser, or perhaps a back-formation from stability; the Shorter Oxford takes it from stable under the influence of…

It is formed from English nickel + odeon, after melodeon in the sense of a music hall, or, as Merriam-Webster puts it, probably a blend of nickel and melodeon; the American Heritage Dictionary, the…

It is an emphatic form of no, the -p representing the sound of the lips closing after the vowel.

It is borrowed from German Chromosom, a word coined in 1888 by the German anatomist Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz, from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “colour”) and σῶμα (sôma, “body”). The OED analyses…

It is from the verbal phrase come back (see come, back).

It is borrowed from Japanese 柔道 (jūdō, “gentle way”), formed of 柔 (jū, “softness, gentleness”), the element also found in jujitsu, and 道 (dō, “way, art”), as in budo. The first element is from…

It is borrowed from French première, short for “première représentation”, first performance, the feminine of premier (“first”) (see premier).

It is formed from English psychosis + -otic, on the model of neurotic beside neurosis. Merriam-Webster takes it from New Latin psychosis, after pairs such as narcosis and narcotic. Psychosis is from…

It is borrowed from German Seminar (“a group of students working with a professor”), from Latin sēminārium (“plant nursery, seed plot”), figuratively a breeding ground, from sēminārius (“of seed”)…

It is formed from English shut + out, as a noun use of the phrasal verb shut out; Merriam-Webster takes the bridge sense from the verb's past participle. The phrase meant "to exclude, keep out of a…

It is a shortening of Assoc., the abbreviation of association in the name Association football, with the jocular suffix -er, originally British university slang. Rugger for rugby was formed the same…

It is formed from thrill and -er.

It is an alteration of yes or yeah, made for emphasis, perhaps influenced by nope, or formed in the same way, by closing the lips sharply.

It is borrowed from Norwegian akvavit, Swedish akvavit and Danish akvavit, from Medieval Latin aqua vītae (“water of life”), the source also of English aqua vitae. The Latin phrase is formed from…

It is formed from English cheer + leader. It is an Americanism.

It is borrowed from Chinese 炒麵 (chǎomiàn, “stir-fried noodles”), or a cognate dialect form, from 炒 (chǎo, “to fry”) and 麵 (miàn, “noodles; flour, dough”). The American Heritage Dictionary takes it…

It is formed from English entrepreneur + -ial. The noun is from French entrepreneur (“one who undertakes or manages”), an agent noun of Old French entreprendre (“to undertake”), the verb behind…

It is formed from English free + way. The OED compares highway and motorway for the road sense.

It is formed from English hang + over, as a noun use of the verb phrase. Dictionary.com marks it as an Americanism.

It is formed from English left + -ist, from left in the political sense. The OED compares French gauchiste, recorded as an adjective from 1839, and rightist. The political sense of left comes from…

It is a shortening of mathematics, American English.

It is formed from optimum and -al, perhaps on the model of words such as proximal; the NODE derives it from Latin optimus (“best”).

It is borrowed from French questionnaire (“list of questions”), formed from questionner (“to question”) and the suffix -aire, the French form of -ary. The French verb goes back to Old French…

It is a clipping of referee.

It is a noun use of the phrasal verb run down, from run and down. Dictionary.com marks it as an Americanism, from 1905–10. The adjective run-down comes from the same phrasal verb.

It is formed from English addict + -ive, the verb addict coming from Latin addīctus (“assigned by decree, made over, devoted”), the past participle of addīcō (“to assign, make over, award”), from…

It is formed from English bi- (“two”) + partisan (“supporter of a party”). The adjective partisan, "of a party", is from French partisan, from a dialectal Old Italian partisano, a variant of…

It is formed from English contra- + conceptive, with the first syllable of the second part dropped, an irregular formation in Hoad's and Onions's view. Etymonline instead takes it from the stem of…

It was coined in 1891 by the Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney, from electric and the ending -on of ion, anion and cation. Barnhart and Dictionary.com see a possible influence of Ancient Greek…

It is formed from English homo- + sexual, after German homosexual, a word first printed in 1869 by K. M. Kertbeny, who had used it in a letter of 1868 beside heterosexual. Etymonline notes the…

It is a learned borrowed from Latin libīdō (“desire, longing, will; sexual appetite, lust”), also lubido, from libet (“it is pleasing”). Etymonline and the American Heritage Dictionary trace it to…

It is a compound of nation and wide, also written nation-wide.

It is from Latin populus (“people”) with the suffix -ist, an American formation first used of the People's Party in the United States. The OED notes that its use for the Russian movement follows…

It is a compound of basket and ball, coined in American English after the game was invented in 1891 by James A. Naismith, a physical education instructor in Springfield, Massachusetts.

It is formed from English crunch + -y. The verb crunch is recorded from 1814, a variant of craunch, probably imitative.

It is formed from English ethane + -ol, after French éthanol, recorded in 1892; the OED also compares German Aethanol, recorded by 1893 and now usually Ethanol. Merriam-Webster classes it as…

It is borrowed from French féministe (1872), from féminin, feminine, and -iste, -ist, ultimately from Latin femina (“woman”) (see feminism).