English words first recorded in the 19th century

It is a colloquial clipping of photograph.

1. The adjective meaning trivial or crazy is of uncertain origin. The Shorter Oxford and the Oxford Dictionary of English call it of unknown origin, while Merriam-Webster and the OED take it as…

It is formed from English un- + realistic, with the negative prefix un- meaning "not". The adjective realistic is itself formed from English realist + -ic, and is recorded from 1829.

It is formed from English arthro- + -pod, after New Latin Arthropoda, according to the OED, which compares German Arthropod, recorded in 1853 or earlier. Other dictionaries derive it directly from…

1. The antelope's name is from a Bantu language: the Shorter Oxford and the New Oxford give it as borrowed from Kongo, and Merriam-Webster as probably Kele, a Bantu language of Gabon. It has been…

It is borrowed from Latin circā (“around, about”), from circum (“round about”), which comes from circus (“circle”). Barnhart and the American Heritage Dictionary see the ending as modelled on Latin…

It is a back-formation from English diagnosis, on the model of metamorphose and anastomose, which follow French verbs in -oser formed from nouns in -ose. Diagnosis is from New Latin diagnōsis, from…

It is formed from English dodge + -y, from the noun dodge, a trick, according to the OED and Etymonline, or from the verb according to the Shorter Oxford. The origin of dodge itself is unknown: the…

It is borrowed from French hélicoptère, formed from Greek ἕλιξ (hélix, “spiral”) (stem helik-; see helix) and πτερόν (pterón, “wing”), from PIE Proto-Indo-European *pet- (“to rush, fly”). Pteron is…

It is formed from English raid + -er. The verb raid (from 1848 in the OED, 1864 in Etymonline) comes from the noun, which began as a Scots and northern form of road, from Old English rād (“riding…

The OED takes it as borrowed from French stabiliser, from Latin stabilis (“firm, steadfast”), the source of stable. Etymonline thinks it probably a back-formation from English stability, or else…

It is an agent noun from the verb bomb, formed with -er.

It is formed from English check + point, from the verb check and the noun point.

It is a natural utterance, representing the sound a hesitant speaker makes.

It is a clipping of preparation, and in later uses of preparatory and prepare.

It is formed from short and -age, in American English.

It is formed from English staff + -er, from staff in the sense of a group of employees. Staff is from Old English stæf (“stick, staff”).

1. The animal doctor is a clipping of veterinarian or veterinary surgeon. 2. The veteran is a clipping of veteran, in American English.

It is formed from English vibrate + -or, as an agent noun on Latin models, and the OED compares Italian vibratore. The verb is from Latin vibrō (“to move rapidly to and fro, brandish, shake”), from…

It is formed from wire and -less.

It is borrowed from French calorie, formed from Latin calor (“heat”); the OED and Hoad call the formation arbitrary. The Shorter Oxford, the Oxford Dictionary of English and Dictionary.com analyse…

It is formed from gas, -ol (from Latin oleum (“oil”)) and -ine or -ene. The variant gasolene, apparently first a trade name, is from 1863 in Britain, gas being used loosely for compounds of gases…

It is formed from English heft (“weight, heaviness”) + -y, originally in American and dialect use. The noun heft is from English heave, apparently on the pattern of weave and weft or thieve and…

It is formed from English hyper- + tension, and Merriam-Webster treats it as a word of the International Scientific Vocabulary. The prefix means over, beyond or to excess, and comes from Ancient…

1. The wine term is borrowed from French sec (“dry”), from Latin siccus (“dry”) (see sack and siccative). 2. The clipped form is a shortening of second, a unit of time.

It is formed from English silicon + -one, the suffix used for ketones, since the compounds were first made in an attempt to produce the silicon counterpart of a ketone; the OED and Merriam-Webster…

It is a compound from English spread + sheet. The OED and the Shorter Oxford take the first part as the participial adjective spread, Etymonline as the noun. Merriam-Webster derives the computing…

It represents a casual pronunciation of yes, and began as colloquial American English. The American Heritage Dictionary calls it a variant of yea.

It is formed from English yum + -y, or from the reduplicated yum-yum with the same suffix. The exclamation yum, recorded from the 1870s, imitates the smacking of the lips in anticipation of food…

It is formed from English left + over, the past participle of leave and the adverb, after the phrasal verb leave over, to leave remaining.

It is borrowed from French Suède (“Sweden”), the French name of the country, taken from the phrase gants de Suède (“gloves of Sweden”), used for gloves of undressed kid; English “suède gloves” was a…

It is borrowed from Japanese 相撲 (sumō, “sumo wrestling, sumo wrestler”), recorded in Japanese in 1603 in the “Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam”, where it is glossed as wrestling, and ultimately from…

It is formed from the verb phrase touch down, attested in sport by 1859, from touch and down.

It is a hybrid of auto-, from Greek, and motive, from Latin. The noun of 1865 was taken from French automotive.

It is borrowed from French aviation, formed irregularly from Latin avis (“bird”) and -ation, from PIE Proto-Indo-European *awi- (“bird”). It was coined in 1863 by the French aviation pioneer Gabriel…

It is borrowed from French collagène, from Ancient Greek κόλλα (kólla, “glue”) and the French suffix -gène, English -gen, taken in the sense "producing". Klein gives the suffix as -γενής (-genḗs…

It is a euphemistic alteration of hell, originally northern English dialect.

It is from English an alteration of hoist, to lift, which the OED and the Shorter Oxford take as a spelling of a local American pronunciation. Barnhart and Etymonline think it probably came from…

The origin is unknown. Bret Harte, in its first record, glossed it as short for Magnificat, which the OED thinks unlikely, though it allows that the middle syllable of magnificent may have played a…

It is formed from English star + -dom. The first part is from Old English steorra (“star”), from Proto-Germanic *sternan-, from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“star”); the suffix is from Old English…

It is formed from English acid + -ic. The base comes from Latin acidus (“sour, tart, sharp”), from aceō (“to be sour”), from Proto-Indo-European *ak- (“to be sharp”). The OED compares the earlier…

It is a compound from English back + drop (“a curtain on a stage”), first used in the slang of the theatre, and marked by Dictionary.com as an Americanism.

The OED, which revised the entry in 2006, takes it as formed within English, from English poly- + -mer, after polymeric. Merriam-Webster also calls it a back-formation from polymeric, probably first…

It is formed from English sex + -ism, in its modern sense on the model of racism. The first part is from Latin sexus. Etymonline treats it as a companion of sexist, which it says was coined in 1965…

It is a compound, from English work + force.

It is borrowed from Swedish dynamit, coined in 1867 by its inventor, the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, from Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis, “power, force”) and the suffix -it (the English suffix…

It is formed from English meth- + -ane, after German Methan, a name proposed by A. W. Hofmann in 1866. The first part is taken from methyl, and Merriam-Webster counts the word as International…

It is a shortened and altered form of momma, itself an alteration of mamma, and partly a variant of mam and mum. Etymonline suggests a shortening of mommy.

It is formed from English octo- + -ane, as in methane: Etymonline and Barnhart give the prefix in its form oct- used before a vowel, and Merriam-Webster treats the word as International Scientific…

It is formed from English pick + -y, from the verb pick in its sense of choosing or of eating in small bits, with the adjective-forming suffix.

It is formed from English prop- + -ane, after German Propan, the name that the chemist A. W. Hofmann gave the gas in 1866. The OED takes the first element from propyl, while Etymonline and most…

It is formed from English reception + -ist. The noun reception is from Old French reception and directly from Latin receptiō (“a receiving”), a noun of action from the past participle stem of…

It is formed from English soft + ball, and the OED compares the earlier hardball.

It is a childish alteration of stomach, partly a euphemism, with the suffix -y. Stomach itself came through Old French estomac and Latin stomachus from Ancient Greek στόμαχος (stómakhos, “throat…

It is formed from English un- + documented, the second part being the past participle of the verb document. The OED compares the earlier well-documented.

It is formed from English wine + -ery, originally in American English. Middle English had vintrie for a place where wine was sold, from about 1300.

It is probably formed in English from bi-, two, and -cycle, a Latinized form of Greek κύκλος (kúklos, “circle, wheel”) (see cycle), on the pattern of earlier tricycle (1828, of carriages). Most…

It is borrowed from French dossier (“bundle of papers”), from dos (“back”), from Vulgar Latin *dossum, a variant of Latin dorsum (“back”), with the suffix -ier. The bundle is said to have been so…

It is borrowed from French enclave, a noun formed from the verb enclaver (“to enclose, shut in”), from Old French enclaver (“to enclose, comprise, include”), recorded from the 13th century. The…

It is borrowed from French expertise (“expert appraisal, expert's report”) (16th century), Middle French expertness, from expert (see expert).