English words first recorded in the 19th century

It is named after Rugby School, in the town of Rugby in Warwickshire, central England, where the game was first played. The place name is Rocheberie in 1086, probably “the fortified place of a man…

It was formed in English from tele-, as in telegraph, and -gram, from Ancient Greek τῆλε (tēle, “far off”) and γράμμα (grámma, “something written, letter”). According to Bartlett's 1859 edition it…

1. The zip of speed is imitative of the sound of an object passing rapidly through the air or of fabric tearing. The fastener sense comes through zipper, formed from it, and the verb to fasten is a…

It is borrowed from Yiddish חוצפּה (khutspe, “impudence, gall”), which the OED and the Oxford Dictionary of English derive from Aramaic חוּצְפָּא (ḥuṣpā, “impudence, insolence”), from חֲצַף (ḥăṣap̄…

It is probably named from English after a person called Davenport. For the writing desk, the Shorter Oxford and the Oxford Dictionary of English name a Captain Davenport, for whom early examples…

It is borrowed from French fiancé (“betrothed”), the past participle of fiancer (“to betroth”), from Old French fiancier (“to promise, betroth”), a verb formed from fiance (“a promise, trust”)…

It is formed from English fluorescence + -ent, or, as Etymonline, Barnhart and Merriam-Webster put it, from fluor (the mineral fluorite) and -escent. Both words were coined by the British…

It is formed from English groove + -y, from the noun. The slang sense comes from the jazz phrase in the groove, performing well (1932). Green's Dictionary of Slang quotes Mezz Mezzrow's “Really the…

It is formed from English lock + out, as a noun use of the phrasal verb lock out. The phrasal verb is recorded from the mid-14th century in the sense "to turn or keep out of a place, bar the doors…

It is formed from English parent + -hood. Parent is from Old French parent (“father, parent, relative”) and parēns (“father or mother, ancestor”), the present participle of pariō (“to bring forth…

It is formed from English calibrate + -ation.

It is formed from English cardio- + vascular, or, as Merriam-Webster puts it, it was formed in the International Scientific Vocabulary from cardi- and the same adjective. The OED compares French…

It is formed from English multi- + national. The OED compares binational, international, multiracial and transnational. The South African sense follows the Afrikaans word veelvolkig (“consisting of…

It is formed from English pessimist + -ic, after optimistic. The OED compares German pessimistisch (1860). The noun pessimist (1820) is formed from Latin pessimus (“worst”) and -ist, after optimist…

It is formed from race, a group of people of common descent, and the suffix -ial. That race is borrowed from Middle French race, earlier rasse, from Italian razza (“race, breed, lineage”), of…

It is named after Shanghai, the Chinese seaport, literally by the sea, from shang, on, above, and hai, sea, from the former practice of kidnapping men to crew ships on long voyages, such as those to…

It is formed from English skeleton + -al, with the suffix added to the stem of the noun. Skeleton is from New Latin sceleton, from Ancient Greek σκελετόν (skeletón), short for the phrase with σῶμα…

It is formed from English thermo- + dynamics, after the adjective thermodynamic, with the plural ending -ics used for names of sciences. The adjective was formed from English thermo- + dynamic and…

It was formed in English from under- and the noun cover, from the phrase under cover.

1. The word for a loafer is probably borrowed from German Bummler (“loafer, vagrant”), an agent noun from bummeln (“to stroll, dawdle, loaf”). The OED calls the German origin apparent, and the…

It is formed from English cartoon + -ist, a hybrid of the English noun and a suffix of Greek origin. Cartoon is from French carton or directly Italian cartone (“strong, heavy paper, pasteboard”), at…

It is formed from English en- + vision, with the prefix in its sense "to put into, make", so that it means to see something as in a vision. Vision is from Old French vision, from Latin vīsiō (“a…

It is borrowed from German Lagerbier (“beer brewed for keeping”), half adopted and half translated as lager beer and then shortened. The German compound is formed from Lager (“storehouse; camp…

It is borrowed from German Leukämie, coined in 1848 by the pathologist Rudolf Virchow from Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white, clear”) and αἷμα (haîma, “blood”). Barnhart and Merriam-Webster…

It is borrowed from Sanskrit महात्मन् (mahātman, “great-souled, magnanimous”), whose nominative is महात्मा (mahātmā). The Sanskrit compound is formed from महत् (mahát, “great”) and आत्मन् (ātmán…

1. The metric of the metric system is borrowed from French métrique, from mètre (“metre”) (see metre), and partly a shortening of the earlier English metrical (1797) in the same sense. The French…

It is borrowed from German Stein (“stone”), probably short for Steinkrug (“stone jug”), a compound with Krug (“jug, pitcher”). Merriam-Webster instead derives it from stein gut (“stoneware…

It is formed from English active + -ism, partly modelled on German Aktivismus. According to the OED, the philosophical sense follows the German word as Eucken used it in 1907, and the political…

It is formed from English authority + -arian, with the suffix as in humanitarian. Etymonline gives the suffix as -an instead. The OED compares French autoritaire (adjective 1865, noun 1885), Spanish…

It is a clipping from Chinese Pidgin English chow-chow (“food; a mixture or medley”), recorded from 1795. According to Yule, the pidgin word is of uncertain origin. Barnhart and Etymonline suggest a…

It is formed from English deduct + -ible, or, as the OED puts it, from the Latin participial stem of the verb and the suffix. deduct is from Latin dēductus, the past participle of dēdūcō (“to lead…

It is the plural of dungaree, a coarse cotton cloth, used for trousers or overalls made of it. The name of the cloth is borrowed from Hindi डूंगरी (dūngrī, “coarse calico”), said to be the name of a…

It is formed from English futurist + -ic, and in some senses from English future + -istic. The OED notes that the first, theological sense followed German futuristisch, used in 1854 in the German…

It is a compound of pipe and line.

It is a compound from English rest + room. It is also written “rest room” and “rest-room”.

It is formed from English war + lord. The OED notes that when used of the Kaiser it chiefly translates German Kriegsherr, used of the Kaiser in the late 19th century and already in the 16th century…

It is formed from English base + man, with base in its baseball sense of one of the four stations of the diamond. The OED notes that the names of the three fielders may instead be separate…

It is formed from English blue + print, from the process that produced prints of white lines on a blue ground, or blue lines on a white one.

It is formed from English computation + -al. The noun computation comes from Anglo-Norman computation (“calculation”) and its source Latin computātiō (“calculation, reckoning”), from computō (“to…

It is formed from English heavy + weight.

It is formed from English in (“inward”) + bound (“heading for a place”), like its opposite outbound.

It is borrowed from Late Latin morātōrium (“delay”), recorded from the 5th century, the neuter of morātōrius (“delaying, dilatory”) used as a noun; Barnhart, Collins and Hoad call the noun New…

It is formed from English onco- (“tumour”) + -logy (“study of”), as an international scientific term; its coiner, R. G. Mayne, also gave the Latin form oncologia. The combining form onco- is a New…

It is formed from English optimize + -ation. The verb optimize, in the sense "to make the best or most of", was formed in 1817 from Latin optimus (“best”) and -ize, or, according to Barnhart, from…

It is a noun formed from English shut + down, from the phrasal verb shut down. Dictionary.com marks it as an Americanism. Etymonline dates the verb shut down, to stop working or be idle, by 1877…

The OED, revising the entry in 2024, takes it as formed from English anti- + -biotic, in its modern sense after French antibiotique, recorded from 1878 or earlier, and compares German antibiotisch…

It is formed from English delusion + -al. Delusion is from Latin dēlūsiō (“a deceiving”), from dēlūdō (“to delude”), the source of delude.

It is formed from English flop + -y, that is, inclined to flop. The verb flop is an imitative variant of flap, its changed vowel suggesting a duller, heavier sound.

It is a variant from English get (“offspring, brat; fool”), a noun formed from the verb in the sense "to beget", which is from Old Norse geta. Etymonline describes it as a southern form of the Scots…

It is formed from English line + man.

It is formed from English psycho- + -path, after psychopathic and psychopathy, both recorded from 1847; the American Heritage Dictionary and Etymonline call it a back-formation from psychopathic…

It is from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós, “a shaking, earthquake”) with the English suffix -ic, the Greek noun being from σείω (seíō, “to shake”); Etymonline analyses it as seismo- and the suffix…

It is formed from English book + -let, with the diminutive suffix. Book is from Old English bōc (“book, writing, written document”). The suffix comes from Old French -elet, which is often a double…

It is formed from the phrasal verb from English break + through. The verbal phrase, "to force a way past a barrier", goes back to about 1400. The OED compares Middle High German durchbruch…

It is probably a clipping from English butcher, although the dictionaries trace the path differently. The revised OED takes the knife sense as short for butch knife and the other senses as shortened…

It is formed from creative and -ity.

It is a compound from English girl + friend, also written girl-friend.

It is formed from English hand + bag. The verb is from the noun.

It is short for public house (see public).

It is formed from English under- + dog. The OED compares top dog, and the word arose in the United States.