English words first recorded in the 14th century

It is inherited from Middle English reindere, also raindere, reynder and rayne-dere, borrowed from Old Norse hreindýri, compounded of hreinn (“reindeer”), the usual Old Norse name of the animal, and…

It is inherited from Middle English remuneracioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman remuneracion and Middle French remuneration, and directly borrowed from Latin remūnerātiō (“a repaying, recompense”)…

It is inherited from Middle English renouned, formed from English renown + -ed. The dictionaries differ on the base: the OED and Hoad derive it from the noun, while Etymonline, Merriam-Webster…

It is inherited from Middle English replicacioun, also replicacion and repplicacion, borrowed from Anglo-Norman replicacioun, Middle French replication and replicacion, and partly directly borrowed…

It is inherited from Middle English representacioun, borrowed from Old French representacion and directly borrowed from Latin repraesentātiō (“a bringing before one, a showing”) (accusative…

It is borrowed from Latin resistēns, present participle of resistō, to make a stand against (see resist), and in later use from French résistant.

It is formed from English re- + take, as retaken in Middle English. The noun is from the verb.

It is inherited from Middle English retencioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman retencioun and retention, and also directly from Latin retentiō (“a keeping back, retaining”), a noun of action from the…

The adjective is borrowed from Latin retrōgradus (“going backward”), from retrōgradior (“to go backward”), formed from retrō- (“backward”) and gradior (“to step, go”), from Proto-Indo-European…

It is inherited from Middle English rippen, of uncertain origin, probably from a North Sea Germanic word: compare Flemish rippen (“to strip off roughly”), Frisian rippe, to tear, and Middle Dutch…

1. It is inherited from Middle English rokky, formed from rokke, rock, and -y. Earlier Middle English had rochi (about 1300), from French roche. 2. It is formed from English rock + -y (to sway).

It is an altered spelling of sailer, "one who sails", formed from Middle English sailen + -er. Merriam-Webster also gives the Middle English verb as seilen. The verb sail continues Old English…

It is inherited from Middle English salive, borrowed from Old French salive and directly borrowed from Latin salīva (“spittle”); the Latin form saliva was borrowed again later, and Barnhart dates it…

It is inherited from Middle English sapient, borrowed from Old French sapient and directly borrowed from Latin sapiēns (“wise; a wise man”), the present participle of sapiō (“to have a taste; to be…

It is formed from English save + -er, an agent noun from the verb. Merriam-Webster takes it as a Middle English formation from the verb with the same suffix. The verb, saven in Middle English, is…

It is borrowed from Latin scabiēs (“roughness, mange, itch”), from scabō (“to scratch, scrape”). The American Heritage Dictionary and Dictionary.com treat it as a Middle English word. Etymonline…

It is borrowed from Middle French scandaleux, or perhaps directly borrowed from Medieval Latin scandalōsus, from Ecclesiastical Latin scandalum (“stumbling block, cause of offence”), the source of…

It is inherited from Middle English sensibilite, borrowed from Middle French sensibilité and directly borrowed from Late Latin sēnsibilitās (“perception, sensitiveness, sensation”), from sēnsibilis…

It is inherited from Middle English significaunce, borrowed from Old French significance or directly borrowed from Latin significantia (“meaning, force, energy”), from significans, the present…

It is formed from English silk + -y. Middle English had silki, in the phrase silki werk (“silken embroidery”), but the OED's record of the word begins in 1611. The noun goes back to Old English…

It is inherited from Middle English sincerite, from Old French sinceritie and directly borrowed from Latin sinceritās (“purity, soundness, wholeness”), from sincērus (“whole, clean; sound, genuine…

It is inherited from Middle English situacioun, borrowed from Middle French situation or directly borrowed from Medieval Latin situātiō (“a position”), from situātus, the past participle of situō…

It is formed from English skin + -y.

1. The loose sense is inherited from Middle English slak, also slac and slakke, inherited from Old English slæc, also sleac, inherited from Proto-Germanic *slakaz. Its cognates include Old Saxon…

It is formed from English sloth + -ful, first as slouthful, also sloutful. The base is from Middle English slouthe (“indolence, sluggishness”), formed on slou, slow, with the abstract suffix -th, in…

It is formed from English snow + ball, a Middle English compound. Similar compounds are West Frisian sniebal, Middle Dutch sneubal, Dutch sneeuwbal, German Schneeball, Danish snebold and Swedish…

It is inherited from Middle English sophisticacioun, borrowed from Old French sophistication, or alternatively borrowed from Medieval Latin sophisticātiō; Etymonline, Klein and Merriam-Webster give…

It is formed from English sorcer + -er, an extended form of the older noun sorcer (“a sorcerer”), with the same superfluous ending as poulterer, upholsterer and caterer. The older noun is from Old…

It is inherited from Middle English spaunen, also spawnen and spanen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman espaundre (“to shed roe”), a variant of Old French espandre (“to spread out, pour out, shed”) (modern…

It is borrowed from Old French espine (“thorn, prickle, backbone”) (modern French épine) and directly Latin spīna (“thorn, prickle, backbone”), whose first sense was thorn. It is cognate with…

It is formed from English spoil + -er. Spoil is from Middle English spoilen, from Anglo-Norman espoiller and Old French espoillier (“to strip, plunder”), and directly from Latin spoliō (“to strip…

It is inherited from Middle English spoliacioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman spoliacioun and directly borrowed from Latin spoliātiō (“a robbing, plundering”), a noun of action from the past…

It is inherited from Middle English sporte, a shortening of disport (“pastime, amusement”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman disport, from Old French desport “pleasure, recreation”, from desporter (“to…

It is formed from English star + -y, first as inherited from Middle English sterri, from sterre (“star”). The OED compares Old High German sternaht (“shining like a star”) and German sternig.

It is inherited from Middle English stertour, an agent noun from start with the suffix -er.

It is borrowed from Latin substitutus, the past participle of substituere (“to put under, put in place of”), from sub (“under”) and statuō, to set up (see statute), partly through Middle French…

1. The word for clover and honeysuckle is inherited from Middle English sukel, also sokel and soukle, from Middle English honisoukel (“honeysuckle”), apparently by shortening. The Middle English…

It is inherited from Middle English somet, somette, borrowed from Middle French somete, from Old French sommette (“summit, top”), a diminutive of som (“highest part, top of a hill”), from Latin…

It is from English sun + rise. The OED takes the second part as the noun, Etymonline as the verb. Merriam-Webster, the Shorter Oxford and Etymonline think it grew out of Middle English clauses such…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin supervīsiō, from the past participle stem of supervideō (“to oversee, inspect”) (see supervise).

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin suppositōrium (“medical plug”), recorded from the 6th century and in British sources from the 13th, a noun use of the neuter of Late Latin suppositōrius (“placed…

It is inherited from Middle English suppressen, borrowed from Latin suppressus (“pressed down”), the past participle of supprimō (“to press down, hold back, check, stifle”), formed from sub-…

It is inherited from Middle English surmisen (“to allege, charge”), borrowed from Old French surmis, feminine surmise, the past participle of surmettre (“to accuse”), from sur- (“upon”) and mettre…

It is inherited from Middle English surveien, borrowed from Anglo-Norman surveier, Old French sorveoir “to look down at, look upon, notice; guard, watch”, from Medieval Latin supervideō (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English taloun, borrowed from Old French talon (“heel of a person or a shoe, hinder part of a beast's foot”), from Vulgar Latin *tālō (“heel”), an extension of Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English tamarinde, also thamarynde, borrowed from Medieval Latin tamarindus, also through Old French tamarinde, which the Anglo-Norman Dictionary records from the second…

It is borrowed from Middle French texture and directly Latin textūra (“web, structure, weaving”), from the stem of texō (“to weave”) (see text), from Proto-Indo-European *teks- (“to weave…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin theologicālis, a word used by Duns Scotus before 1308, formed on Late Latin theologicus (“theological”) with the suffix that became -al. The Late Latin adjective…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek θῆτα (thêta), the Greek name of the letter, which is of Semitic origin, through Phoenician; it is related to the name of the Hebrew letter teth. Klein explains the…

It is inherited from Middle English thorax, also thorace and thoracis, borrowed from Latin thōrāx (“breastplate; chest”), from Ancient Greek θώραξ (thṓrāx, “breastplate, cuirass; chest”). The MED…

The verb, inherited from Middle English tingen (“to ring”), is imitative, like tink, ding and ping; the OED suggests ring and sing as possible models and compares tingle. In the early devotional…

It is inherited from Middle English tuten (“to peep, peer”), also spelled touten and tute, probably inherited from Old English *tūtian, a form that is not recorded. It is close to the attested…

It is borrowed from Old French transformation and directly borrowed from Late Latin transformatio (“change of shape”), from the past participle stem of transformāre (“to change in shape…

It is inherited from Middle English transmitten, borrowed from Latin trānsmittō (“to send across, transfer, pass on”), from trāns- (“across, beyond”) and mittō (“to let go, send”), the source of…

It is borrowed from Latin trānsversus (“turned or directed across”), the past participle of trānsvertō (“to turn across”), formed from trāns- (“across”) and vertō (“to turn”), from…

It is perhaps borrowed from Old Norse tros (“rubbish, fallen leaves and twigs”) or a related Scandinavian word; compare Norwegian dialect trask “lumber, trash” and Swedish trasa “rag”, but it is…

1. It is borrowed from Old Norse troll (“giant, fiend, demon”), or, as the OED and Barnhart put it, a borrowing from early Scandinavian, later reinforced by the modern forms Norwegian troll, Swedish…

It is formed from English turn + -er, or else is borrowed from Old French torneor, tornere, from Late Latin tornator, from tornāre (“to turn on a lathe”).

It is borrowed from Old French ulcere and directly borrowed from Latin ulcus (“sore, ulcer”), stem ulcer-. The OED, the Shorter Oxford and the Oxford Dictionary of English derive it only from the…

It is formed from English un- + comfortable.