English words first recorded in the 14th century

The verb, inherited from Middle English tingen (“to ring”), is imitative, like tink, ding and ping; the OED suggests ring and sing as possible models and compares tingle. In the early devotional…

It is inherited from Middle English tuten (“to peep, peer”), also spelled touten and tute, probably inherited from Old English *tūtian, a form that is not recorded. It is close to the attested…

It is borrowed from Old French transformation and directly borrowed from Late Latin transformatio (“change of shape”), from the past participle stem of transformāre (“to change in shape…

It is inherited from Middle English transitorie, borrowed from Anglo-Norman transitorie and Middle French transitoire, and directly borrowed from Late Latin trānsitōrius (“transient, passing”)…

It is inherited from Middle English transmitten, borrowed from Latin trānsmittō (“to send across, transfer, pass on”), from trāns- (“across, beyond”) and mittō (“to let go, send”), the source of…

It is borrowed from Latin trānsversus (“turned or directed across”), the past participle of trānsvertō (“to turn across”), formed from trāns- (“across”) and vertō (“to turn”), from…

It is perhaps borrowed from Old Norse tros (“rubbish, fallen leaves and twigs”) or a related Scandinavian word; compare Norwegian dialect trask “lumber, trash” and Swedish trasa “rag”, but it is…

1. It is borrowed from Old Norse troll (“giant, fiend, demon”), or, as the OED and Barnhart put it, a borrowing from early Scandinavian, later reinforced by the modern forms Norwegian troll, Swedish…

It is formed from English turn + -er, or else is borrowed from Old French torneor, tornere, from Late Latin tornator, from tornāre (“to turn on a lathe”).

It is borrowed from Old French ulcere and directly borrowed from Latin ulcus (“sore, ulcer”), stem ulcer-. The OED, the Shorter Oxford and the Oxford Dictionary of English derive it only from the…

It is formed from English un- + comfortable.

It is formed from English un- + dead, first as undede (“still living, not dead”). The OED compares Old Norse údauðr. Old English had undēadlic (“immortal, undying”), which Etymonline compares with…

It is from English un- + employed, un- meaning not, with the past participle of employ.

It is inherited from Middle English unguent, also unguentum and ungwent, borrowed from Latin unguentum (“ointment”), from unguō (“to smear, anoint”). Dictionary.com and Klein put unguen (“fat…

It is inherited from Middle English unlesse, an alteration of earlier onlesse, originally the phrase on lesse (than), “on a less condition (than)”, a compound, from Middle English on (“on”) + lesse…

It is inherited from Middle English unlokken, from English un- + lock (the verb), un- meaning to reverse. Old English had a verb unlūcan (“to unlock, open”).

It is formed from English un- + natural, first as Middle English unnaturel, unnatural. The OED notes that the first sense originally followed Medieval Latin innaturalis, and compares for the sense…

It is inherited from Middle English unreuli, also unreweli and unruli, formed from Middle English un- (“not”) + reuli (“amenable to rule, disciplined”), the adjective being from reule (“rule”), now…

It is inherited from Middle English unspekable, also unspekeable and unspecable, formed from Middle English un- + speken (“to speak”) + -able. Etymonline, the Shorter Oxford and Dictionary.com…

It was formed in Middle English from English un- (“not”) + sure.

It is inherited from Middle English user, formed from English use + -er. It is related to use and usage.

It is inherited from Middle English venerable, also venerabel, borrowed from Old French venerable and directly borrowed from Latin venerābilis (“worthy of reverence”), from veneror (“to worship…

It is a shortened form from Middle English aventure (see adventure), partly because the a- was taken for the indefinite article, “a venture”; Etymonline also cites Anglo-Norman venture. The verb is…

1. The rod or edge is inherited from Middle English verge, borrowed from Old French verge (“twig, branch; measuring rod; penis; rod of office”), from Latin virga (“shoot, rod, stick, twig”), a word…

It is inherited from Middle English violacion, borrowed from Old French violacion and directly borrowed from Latin violatio (“an injury, irreverence, profanation”), from the past participle stem of…

It is inherited from Middle English viscosite, borrowed from Old French viscosite (13th century) or directly borrowed from Medieval Latin viscōsitās, from Late Latin viscōsus (“sticky”), the source…

It is inherited from Middle English viscous, also viscouse and viscose, borrowed from Anglo-Norman viscous and directly borrowed from Late Latin viscōsus (“full of birdlime, sticky”), from Latin…

It is borrowed from Late Latin vīsibilitās (“the condition of being seen, conspicuousness”), a word used by Tertullian, formed on vīsibilis (“that can be seen”), the source of visible, with the noun…

It is inherited from Middle English vocatif, borrowed from Old French vocatif and directly borrowed from Latin vocātīvus, short for vocātīvus cāsus (“the case of calling”). The Latin adjective is…

It is formed from English waste + water, with the adjective, and is first recorded in late Middle English as waste watre. The adjective waste is from Anglo-Norman waste, from Latin vāstus (“empty…

It is inherited from Middle English weiknen, which the Middle English Dictionary and Etymonline take as probably borrowed from Old Norse veikna (“to become weak”); the MED compares weik (“weak”)…

It is inherited from Middle English widderen, also widren and wydderen, with the spelling wither dating from the 16th century. The Middle English verb appears to be a variant or a specialised use of…

Its origin is obscure. Most dictionaries take it as a back-formation from wrinkled, and the adjective is probably from Old English gewrinclod (“wrinkled, crooked, winding”), a past participle…

It is inherited from Middle English wrongedoing, formed from English wrong + doing. Wrong in this sense is the noun, from late Old English wrang (“injustice”), ultimately from Old Norse. Doing is…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ξῖ (xî), the name of the fourteenth letter of the Greek alphabet.

1. The adjective suffix is inherited from Middle English -y, also -i, inherited from Old English -iġ, from Proto-Germanic *-īgaz. The OED sees two Germanic forms under one Old English suffix, one…

The verb is inherited from Middle English shiten, inherited from Old English *scītan, recorded in Old English only in bescītan (“to cover with excrement”), from Proto-Germanic *skīt-. Its cognates…