English words first recorded in the 10th century

It is inherited from Middle English ber, inherited from Old English bēor (“strong drink, beer, mead”), a West Germanic word, cognate with Old Frisian biar, Middle Dutch and Dutch bier, Old High…

It is inherited from Middle English bete, inherited from Old English bēte, borrowed from Latin bēta (“beet”). The Latin name was taken early into the West Germanic languages, which is why Old…

It is inherited from Middle English begeten, earlier biyeten, inherited from Old English begietan (“to get by effort, obtain, seize”), formed from Old English be- + gietan (“to get”). The hard g of…

It is inherited from Middle English beginnen, inherited from Old English beginnan (“to attempt, undertake”), a rare word beside the usual onginnan, from be- and Proto-West Germanic *ginnan, which is…

It is inherited from Middle English bileven, later beleven, inherited from Old English belȳfan or belēfan (“to have faith in, believe”), which replaced older gelēfan (Mercian) and gelȳfan (West…

It is inherited from Middle English belwen, and most dictionaries, some of them with a "perhaps", take that as inherited from Old English bylgan (“to bellow”), also bylgian. The OED calls the…

It is inherited from Middle English belwes, the plural of belu, also belw, a northern form beside beli. It probably continues inherited from Old English belga, plural of belg or belig (“bag”), so…

It is inherited from Middle English belt, inherited from Old English belt, from Proto-Germanic *baltjaz, the source also of Old High German balz and Old Norse belti, an early Germanic borrowing of…

1. It is inherited from Middle English benden, inherited from Old English bendan (“to bend a bow, bring into a curve; confine with a string”), a causative of bindan, to bind, from Proto-Germanic…

It is inherited from Old English berie (“berry, grape”) (about 1000, in Ælfric), from *bazją, cognate with Old High German beri (German Beere), Dutch bes, Old Norse ber and Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌰𐍃𐌹…

It is inherited from Middle English binder, inherited from Old English bindere (“one who binds”), an agent noun formed from Old English bindan (“to bind”) + -ere. In modern terms it is bind with the…

It is inherited from Middle English birthe day, a compound of birth and day, replacing Old English ġebyrddæġ (“birthday”).

It is inherited from Middle English bicche, inherited from Old English bicce (“female dog”), related, perhaps by borrowing, to Old Norse bikkja (“female dog”), which is of unknown origin. The Old…

It is inherited from Middle English biten, inherited from Old English bītan (“to pierce or cut with the teeth”) (past tense bāt, biton, past participle biten), from Proto-Germanic *bītaną, which is…

It is inherited from Middle English blad, inherited from Old English blæd (“leaf; a leaf-like part”), from Proto-Germanic *bladą, source also of Old Frisian bled, Dutch blad, German Blatt (“leaf”)…

It is inherited from Old English blōdig, from blōd (see blood) and the suffix -y, with cognates in Old Frisian blōdich, Dutch bloedig and German blutig.

1. To drill is inherited from Middle English boren, inherited from Old English borian (“to bore through, perforate”), from bor (“auger”), from Proto-Germanic *burōn, cognate with Old High German…

It is inherited from Middle English brain, inherited from Old English bræġen (“brain”), from Proto-West Germanic *bragn, a word of uncertain origin: it is found in Old Frisian brein, Middle Low…

It is Middle English bras, inherited from Old English bræs (“brass, bronze”), of unknown origin. Barnhart and Hoad compare Old Frisian bres, copper, and Middle Low German bras, metal; Etymonline…

1. The structure is inherited from Middle English brigge, inherited from Old English brycg, from Proto-Germanic *brugjō, from Proto-Indo-European *bhru- (“log, beam”). It is cognate with Old Frisian…

It is inherited from Middle English brine, inherited from Old English brīne, also brȳne, a feminine noun glossing Latin salsūgō and muria. Wiktionary traces it to Proto-Germanic *brīnǭ. Its only…

It is inherited from Middle English brood, earlier brod, inherited from Old English brōd (“brood, offspring; breeding, hatching”), from Proto-Germanic *brōduz (“heat, breeding”). It is cognate with…

It is inherited from Middle English broth, inherited from Old English broþ, from Proto-Germanic *bruþą, a derivative of the base of brew, brēowan. It is cognate with Old High German brod, Old Saxon…

It is inherited from Middle English burien, inherited from Old English byrġan (“to raise a mound, hide, inter”), from Proto-Germanic *burzijaną, related to beorgan (“to shelter, preserve”); cognates…

It is inherited from Middle English bisi, inherited from Old English bisiġ (“careful, anxious, occupied”), cognate with Middle Dutch besich (Dutch bezig) and Middle Low German besich “busy”, but…

It is inherited from Middle English butter, inherited from Old English butere, an early West Germanic loanword (compare Old High German butera, German Butter, Dutch boter) borrowed from Latin…

It is borrowed from Latin cancer (“a crab, a creeping ulcer, tumor, the constellation Cancer”), a form modelled on and cognate with Greek Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos), which has the same three…

It is inherited from Middle English cappe, inherited from Old English cæppe (“hood, head-covering, cape”), an early borrowing, shared with other Germanic languages (Old Frisian and Middle Dutch…

It is inherited from Old English carful, cearful, formed from caru, cearu “care, sorrow”, the source of care, and -ful.

It is inherited from Middle English castel, inherited from Old English castel, borrowed first from Latin castellum (“fortified village”) and again from Old Northern French castel “fortress”, a…

It is inherited from Middle English chewen, inherited from Old English ċēowan (“to chew, gnaw, eat”), a strong verb with past tense ċēaw and past participle cowen. It comes from Proto-West Germanic…

It is inherited from Middle English chirne, also cherne and, chiefly in the north, kirne, inherited from Old English cyrin, also cyrn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *kirnijǭ. It is cognate with…

It is inherited from Middle English clai, cley, inherited from Old English clǣg (“stiff, sticky earth, clay”), from Proto-Germanic *klaijaz, which is also the source of Old Frisian klai, Old Saxon…

It is inherited from Middle English climben, inherited from Old English climban (“to raise oneself with hands and feet; to ascend”), from Proto-West Germanic *klimban (“to go up by clinging”)…

It is inherited from Middle English clot, also clotte, inherited from Old English clott (“lump, round mass”), also clot, from Proto-Germanic *klutto-, through Proto-West Germanic *klott-. It…

1. The segment of a bulb is inherited from Middle English clof, inherited from Old English clufu (“clove of garlic, bulb”), from Proto-Germanic *klubō (“cleft, cloven thing”), from the root of Old…

It is inherited from Middle English clovere, usually claver, inherited from Old English clāfre, also clǣfre, from Proto-West Germanic *klaibrā, which Barnhart and Etymonline give as Proto-Germanic…

It is Middle English col, a dialect survival from late Old English cāwel, cāl, perhaps influenced by Old Norse kál, both from Latin caulis (“stem, stalk; cabbage”), which in Vulgar Latin replaced…

It is inherited from Middle English colt, inherited from Old English colt (“young ass, young camel”), a word of obscure or unknown origin. The suggested cognates are Scandinavian: Swedish kult…

1. The metal is Middle English coper, inherited from Old English coper (“copper”), an early Germanic borrowing, like Middle Dutch coper, Old Norse koparr and Old High German kupfar, of Late Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English craken, inherited from Old English cracian (“to make a sharp noise”), from Proto-Germanic *krakojan, the source also of Dutch kraken and German krachen, probably…

It is inherited from Middle English crammen, also crommen, inherited from Old English crammian (“to cram, stuff”), a derivative of the strong verb crimman (“to cram, insert”). The Old English verb…

It is inherited from Middle English crane, inherited from Old English cran, cognate with Old Saxon krano, Old High German krano (modern German Kranich) and, with an unexplained change of k to t, Old…

1. The bent handle is inherited from Middle English cranke, inherited from Old English cranc-, recorded only in crancstæf, the name of a weaver's implement, beside crencestre (“female weaver”). The…

It is inherited from Middle English craven, inherited from Old English crafian (“to ask, implore, demand by right, summon”), from Proto-West Germanic *krafōn, from Proto-Germanic *krafjaną (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English crib, also cribbe, crebe and crubbe, inherited from Old English cribb (“manger”), a common West Germanic noun: compare Old Frisian cribbe, Old Saxon kribbia…

It is inherited from Middle English cristal, inherited from Old English cristal, borrowed from Old French cristal, from Latin crystallum (“ice, crystal”), from Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos…

It is inherited from Middle English cuppe, inherited from Old English cuppe, Northumbrian copp, borrowed from Late Latin cuppa (“cup”), a variant of Latin cūpa (“tub, cask”), the source of Italian…

It is inherited from Middle English dayesye (also daiseie), inherited from Old English dæġes ēaġe (“day's eye”), contracted dæġesēġe, from dæġes, genitive of dæġ (“day”), and ēaġe (“eye”). The…

It is inherited from Middle English delere, from Old English dǣlere (“divider, distributor; agent”), from dǣlan (“to divide”) (see deal) and -er.

It is inherited from Middle English diven, earlier dialectal duven, inherited from Old English dūfan (“to dive, duck, sink”), an intransitive strong verb, merged with dȳfan, to dip, submerge, a weak…

It is inherited from Middle English do, inherited from Old English dā, of unknown origin. Etymonline and Klein suggest a Celtic loan, comparing Cornish da (“fallow deer”), Old Irish dam (“ox”) and…

It is inherited from Old English dott (“speck, head of a boil”), a word recorded only once in Old English, perhaps related to Dutch dot, a knot, tuft, Norwegian dott, a lump, wisp, and Old High…

It is inherited from Middle English dogh, inherited from Old English dāg, from Proto-Germanic *daigaz (“something kneaded”), cognate with Dutch deeg, Old High German teic (modern Teig), Old Norse…

It is inherited from Middle English dreynen, inherited from Old English drēahnian (“to draw off gradually; strain out”), drēhnian, from Proto-Germanic *drauʒnōjanan, apparently from the root of dry…

The verb is inherited from Middle English drenchen, inherited from Old English drencan (“to give to drink, make drunk; to drown”), the causative of drincan (“to drink”), the source of drink. It goes…

It is inherited from Middle English drippen, probably inherited from Old English dryppan (“to drip”), also drȳpan, from Proto-Germanic *drupjaną, a form from the u-grade of the root of drēopan (“to…

It is inherited from Old English drān, drǣn, male bee (about 1000, in Ælfric's Glossary), from *dran-, cognate with Old Saxon drān, Middle Low German drāne and Old High German treno (German Drohne…

It is inherited from Middle English dumb, inherited from Old English dumb (“mute, unable to speak”), from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz (“dumb, dull”), also the source of Old Saxon dumb, Old Norse dumbr…

It is inherited from Middle English dunge, inherited from Old English dung (“manure”), from Proto-Germanic *dungō. It is cognate with Old Frisian dung and Old Saxon dung (“manure”), Old High German…