cale

Forms

cale m (plural caledz)^[1]

• Other spellings: Papahagi writes CALÉ, masculine, plural calédz, stressed on the last syllable;^[2] Cunia syllabifies the plural ca-lédzĭ.^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Turkish qal'a (“fortress”), as Papahagi writes the Turkish word.^[2]

Semantic evolution

Papahagi quotes the saying aspárdze calé tra s' fácă halé “he pulls down a fortress to make a privy”.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. A fortress, a citadel: a place walled so strongly that it can hold out when it is besieged.^[1][2]

Usage notes

The word for a road or way is cali: Cunia heads it cali/cale, and the feminine CALE of Papahagi and Pascu, from Latin callis (“path”), is that word.^[1][2][3] Geagea also records an adverb calé “well”, from Modern Greek καλό (kaló), from Mihăileanu.^[4]

References

1. ^ a b c d Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 229
2. ^ a b c d e Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 307
3. ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 56
4. ^ Geagea, Christea (1932), Elementul grec în dialectul aromân, Cernăuți: Institutul de Arte Grafice și Editură Glasul Bucovinei (offprint from Codrul Cosminului VII, pp. 205–431), p. 324