Russian words first recorded in the 11th century

It is inherited from Old East Slavic упирь (upirʹ), from Proto-Slavic, but the Proto-Slavic form is hard to reconstruct: Proto-Slavic *ǫpyrь or *ǫpirь. The other forms are Ukrainian упирь (upyrʹ)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic нашь (našĭ), from Proto-Slavic *našь (“our”). The word is common Slavic: Ukrainian наш (naš), Old Church Slavonic нашь (našĭ), Bulgarian наш (naš)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic богъ (bogŭ), from Proto-Slavic *bogъ (“god”). The word is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic богъ (bogŭ), Ukrainian біг (bih) (genitive бога (boha)), Bulgarian…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic братъ (bratŭ), from Proto-Slavic *bratъ (“brother”), a shortened form of *bratrъ. The word is shared by all the Slavic languages: Ukrainian брат (brat), Old…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic вода (voda), from Proto-Slavic *voda (“water”). The word is shared by all the Slavic languages: Old Church Slavonic вода (voda), Ukrainian вода (voda)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic волꙗ (volja), from Proto-Slavic *voľa (“will, freedom, wish”). The word is shared by the Slavic languages: Old Church Slavonic волꙗ (volja) renders Ancient Greek…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic вꙑ (vy), from Proto-Slavic *vy (“you (plural)”). The word is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic вꙑ (vy), Ukrainian ви (vy), Belarusian вы (vy), Bulgarian ви (vi)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic дъва (dŭva), from Proto-Slavic *dъva. The feminine and neuter is ⟨дъвѣ⟩, from *dъvě, whence две. The numeral is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic дъва (dŭva)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic дѣло (dělo), from Proto-Slavic *dělo (“work, deed”). The word is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic дѣло (dělo) (with the old s-stem genitive дѣлесе (dělese))…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic дългъ (dŭlgŭ), from Proto-Slavic *dъlgъ (“debt”). The word is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic длъгъ (dlŭgŭ) (translating Ancient Greek χρέος (khréos) and…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic же (že), from Proto-Slavic *že. Shaposhnikov also gives the by-form *žь, and the East Slavic languages keep it: Ukrainian же (že) beside ж (ž), Belarusian жа…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic или (ili), as ESRJa thinks likely, a compound of the conjunction и (i, “and”) and the interrogative particle ли (li). In Russian terms it is made of и and ли…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic имѧ (imę), from Proto-Slavic *jьmę (“name”), genitive *jьmene, from an older *ьnmen-. The word is common Slavic: Ukrainian ім'я (im'já), Old Church Slavonic имѧ…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic кънѧзь (kŭnęzĭ), from Proto-Slavic *kъnędzь (“ruler, prince”), earlier *kъnęgъ. Proto-Slavic borrowed it from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz (“chief of a kin, king”)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic когда (kogda), beside къгда (kŭgda), from Proto-Slavic *kogъda. The other Slavic languages have Old Church Slavonic къгда (kŭgda), Bulgarian кога (koga), Czech…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic кръвь (krŭvĭ), from Proto-Slavic *kry (“blood”), genitive *krъve. The modern nominative is the old accusative ⟨кръвь⟩, which replaced the nominative ⟨кры⟩; the…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic лежати (ležati), from Proto-Slavic *ležati (“to lie”). The verb is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic лежати (ležati), Ukrainian лежати (ležaty), Bulgarian лежа…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic лѣто (lěto, “time; year; summer”), from Proto-Slavic *lěto (“summer; year”). The word is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic лѣто (lěto) renders Ancient Greek…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic любити (ljubiti), from Proto-Slavic *ľubiti. The verb is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic любити (ljubiti) (for Ancient Greek φιλεῖν (phileîn) and ἀγαπᾶν…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic людиѥ (ljudije), from Proto-Slavic *ľudьje (“people”), the nominative plural of the collective noun *ľudь beside *ľudъ, Russian люд “folk”. Shaposhnikov notes…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic море (more), from Proto-Slavic *moře (“sea”). The word is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic морѥ (morje) renders Ancient Greek θάλασσα (thálassa), and there are…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic мужь (mužĭ), from Proto-Slavic *mǫžь (“man, husband”). The other Slavic languages have Ukrainian муж (muž), Old Church Slavonic мѫжь (mǫžĭ), Bulgarian мъж (mǎž)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic мꙑ (my), from Proto-Slavic *my (“we”). The word is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic мꙑ (my), Ukrainian ми (my), Belarusian мы (my), Serbo-Croatian ми (mi)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic нъ (nŭ, “but, however, only”), from Proto-Slavic *nъ. Old Church Slavonic нъ (nŭ) renders Ancient Greek ἀλλά (allá), and Bulgarian нъ (nŭ) stands beside но (no)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic око (oko), from Proto-Slavic *oko (“eye”). Proto-Slavic inflected it as an s-stem in the singular and plural, and as an i-stem in the dual. The word is common…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic отъ (otŭ), from Proto-Slavic *otъ (“from”). It is a preposition and a verbal prefix in all the Slavic languages: Ukrainian від (vid) (its ⟨-д⟩ by analogy with…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic самъ (samŭ), from Proto-Slavic *samъ (“self”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sāmas, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós. Shaposhnikov derives the Proto-Slavic pronoun…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic свои (svoi), from Proto-Slavic *svojь. All the Slavic languages have it: Ukrainian свій (svij), Belarusian свой (svoj), Old Church Slavonic свои (svoi)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic себе (sebe), from Proto-Slavic *sebe, the genitive of the reflexive pronoun. The form is shared by the Slavic languages: Old Church Slavonic себе (sebe)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic сьрдьце (sĭrdĭce), from Proto-Slavic *sьrdьce (“heart”). The other Slavic forms are Old Church Slavonic срьдьце (srĭdĭce) (for Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía))…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic слышати (slyšati), from Proto-Slavic *slỳšati (“to hear”). Its relatives in the other Slavic languages include Old Church Slavonic слꙑшати (slyšati), Czech…

1. The verb is inherited from Old East Slavic стати (stati), from Proto-Slavic *stati (“to stand, become”). It is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic стати (stati), which renders Ancient Greek ἵστημι…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic стоꙗти (stojati), from Proto-Slavic *stojati (“to stand”), present *stojǫ. The verb is shared by the Slavic languages: Old Church Slavonic стоꙗти (stojati)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic сꙑнъ (synŭ), from Proto-Slavic *synъ (“son”), an old ⟨u⟩-stem. The other Slavic languages have Old Church Slavonic сꙑнъ (synŭ), Ukrainian син (syn), Bulgarian…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic тако (tako) and такъ (takŭ), from Proto-Slavic *tako (“so”), an adverb made from the pronoun *takъ (“such”). The word is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic тако…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic тогда (togda), from Proto-Slavic *togъda (“then”). Old Russian also had тогды (togdy), which survives in popular speech. Related forms are Old Church Slavonic…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic тътъ (tŭtŭ), a reduplication of the pronoun тъ (tŭ), from Proto-Slavic *tъ. Old Russian had ⟨тъ, та, то⟩ and the long form ⟨тыи⟩. The doubled ⟨тътъ⟩ is frequent…

1. The preposition is inherited from Old East Slavic у (u), written ⟨оу⟩ in the oldest texts, from Proto-Slavic *u. It is shared by the other Slavic languages: Old Church Slavonic оу (u), Ukrainian…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic ходити (xoditi), from Proto-Slavic *xoditi (“to go, to walk”), which is from Proto-Slavic *xodъ (“going, motion”) (Russian ход) with the verbal suffix *-iti. The…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic хотѣти (xotěti), beside хътѣти (xŭtěti), from Proto-Slavic *xotěti. The other Slavic forms are Old Church Slavonic хотѣти (xotěti) and хътѣти (xŭtěti) for…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic человѣкъ (čelověkŭ), from Proto-Slavic *čelověkъ (“man, human being”) or its shortened form *čьlověkъ. The word is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic чловѣкъ…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic двьрь (dvĭrĭ), from Proto-Slavic *dvьrь (“door”), plural *dvьri. The other Slavic languages have Ukrainian двері (dvéri), Old Church Slavonic двьри (dvĭri)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic рѣчь (rěčĭ), from Proto-Slavic *rěčь (“speech”). The word is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic рѣчь (rěčĭ) (translating Ancient Greek ῥῆμα (rhêma) and λόγος…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic творити (tvoriti), from Proto-Slavic *tvoriti (“to make”). The verb is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic творити (tvoriti) renders Ancient Greek ποιεῖν (poieîn…

1. The conjunction is inherited from Old East Slavic а (a, “and, but”), from Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”). Old Church Slavonic а (a) renders Ancient Greek ἀλλά (allá) and δέ (dé); the word is…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic бывати (byvati), from Proto-Slavic *byvati (“to be, to happen”), an iterative verb made from *byti (“to be”) (Russian быть). The verb is shared by the Slavic…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic бꙑти (byti), from Proto-Slavic *byti. Anikin explains the Proto-Slavic infinitive as at first the dative singular of an Indo-European noun ⟨*bhū-ti-⟩ formed from…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic въ (vŭ), from Proto-Slavic *vъ (“in, into, to”), with a fuller form ⟨*vъn⟩ and the prefix ⟨*vъ(n)-⟩. The Slavic forms are Old Church Slavonic въ (vŭ), Ukrainian…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic видѣти (viděti), from Proto-Slavic *viděti (“to see”). The verb is shared by all the Slavic languages: Ukrainian видіти (vydity), Old Church Slavonic видѣти…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic къдѣ (kŭdě), earlier къде (kŭde), from Proto-Slavic *kъde (“where”). The word is shared by the Slavic languages: Old Church Slavonic къде (kŭde), Ukrainian де…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic да (da), from Proto-Slavic *da (“so, thus”). The word is common Slavic, with senses that differ from language to language: Ukrainian да (da, “and, also”)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic до (do), from Proto-Slavic *do (“to, until”). Every Slavic language has it: Old Church Slavonic до (do) (for Ancient Greek μέχρι (mékhri) and ἕως (héōs))…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic еще (ešče), also още (ošče), from Proto-Slavic *ešče (“still, yet”). The word is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic ѥште (ješte), Ukrainian ще (šče), Belarusian…

1. The verb is inherited from Old East Slavic знати (znati), from Proto-Slavic *znati. It is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic знати (znati), which renders Ancient Greek γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic ити (iti), from Proto-Slavic *jьti (“to go”), first person singular *jьdǫ. The verb is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic ити (iti), Ukrainian іти (ity)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic къ (kŭ), from Proto-Slavic *kъ. Wiktionary and Tsyganenko set up a by-form *kъn, which survives in к нему “to him”. The preposition is shared by all the Slavic…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic которꙑи (kotoryi), from Proto-Slavic *kotorъjь, the long (definite) form of an adjective pronoun *kotorъ, beside *koterъjь. It is common Slavic: Old Church…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic къто (kŭto), from Proto-Slavic *kъto. The other Slavic forms are Ukrainian хто (xto), Belarusian хто (xto), Old Church Slavonic къто (kŭto), Serbo-Croatian тко…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic мои (moi), from Proto-Slavic *mojь (“my”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *majas and Proto-Indo-European *móyos (“my, mine”). The word is common Slavic: Old Church…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic не (ne), from Proto-Slavic *ne. All the Slavic languages have it, now and in the past: Old Church Slavonic не (ne), Ukrainian не (ne), Bulgarian не (ne), Polish…