Russian words first recorded in the 10th century

It is inherited from Old East Slavic цѣна (cěna), from Proto-Slavic *cěna (“price, value”). The word is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic цѣна (cěna), Ukrainian ціна (cina), Bulgarian цена (cena)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic велѣти (velěti), from Proto-Slavic *velěti (“to want, to order”), present *veljǫ. Related forms are Old Church Slavonic велѣти (velěti), which renders Greek…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic вьртѣти (vĭrtěti), from Proto-Slavic *vьrtěti (“to turn”). The other Slavic languages have Ukrainian вертіти (vertity), Old Church Slavonic врьтѣти (vrĭtěti)…

1. The pronoun “all” is inherited from Old East Slavic вьсь (vĭsĭ), from Proto-Slavic *vьśь (“all”). Vasmer and Anikin reconstruct its earlier form as *vьxъ, an old ⟨o⟩-stem. The third…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic довьлѣти (dovĭlěti, “to suffice”), from Proto-Slavic *dovьlěti (“to suffice”). Tsyganenko dates the borrowing to the Old Russian period; the modern form lost…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic домъ (domŭ, “house, home”), from Proto-Slavic *dȍmъ (“house”). The word is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic домъ (domŭ), Ukrainian дім (dim), Bulgarian дом…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic другъ (drugŭ), from Proto-Slavic *drugъ (“companion, follower, friend”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás. The word is shared by the Slavic languages: Old Church…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic дроугъ (drugŭ), from Proto-Slavic *drugъ. It was at first the same word as друг “friend”. The sense “other” arose in phrases such as *drugъ druga (“one another”)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic жити (žiti), present живу (živu), from Proto-Slavic *žiti (“to live”), present *živǫ. The verb is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic жити (žiti), Ukrainian жити…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic и (i, “and, also, even”), from Proto-Slavic *i. The other Slavic languages have the same word: Old Church Slavonic и (i), Ukrainian і (i), Bulgarian и (i)…

1. The key is inherited from Old East Slavic ключь (ključĭ), from Proto-Slavic *kľučь, originally a crooked stick or wooden hook. The word is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic ключь (ključĭ)…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic лѣзти (lězti, “to go; to climb”), from Proto-Slavic *lězti (“to crawl, climb”). The other Slavic languages have Old Church Slavonic възлѣсти (vŭzlěsti, “to go…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic мьртвъ (mĭrtvŭ), from Proto-Slavic *mьrtvъ (“dead”). The other Slavic languages have Ukrainian мертвий (mertvýj), Old Church Slavonic мрътвъ (mrŭtvŭ), Bulgarian…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic онъ (onŭ), from Proto-Slavic *onъ. In early Proto-Slavic ⟨*onъ, *ona, *ono⟩ was a demonstrative meaning roughly “that”. The Slavic languages have Old Church…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic по (po), from Proto-Slavic *po. The preposition is common Slavic: Old Church Slavonic по (po), which renders Ancient Greek κατά (katá), μετά (metá) and ἀνά…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic съвѣтъ (sŭvětŭ), which renders Ancient Greek συμβούλιον (sumboúlion, “consultation”) and βουλή (boulḗ) in the Ostromir Gospel, the Glagolita Clozianus and the…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic тꙑ (ty), from Proto-Slavic *ty (“you (singular)”). Every Slavic language has it: Old Church Slavonic тꙑ (ty), Ukrainian ти (ty), Belarusian ты (ty), Bulgarian ти…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic уже (uže), from Proto-Slavic *ju(že) (“already”). It is a compound of the adverb *ju (“now, then”) and the particle *že (see же). The first part survives on its…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), shortened from цѣсарь (cěsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь (“emperor”). Vasmer compares the shortening of other titles, as in the English word…

It is inherited from Old East Slavic чьто (čĭto), from Proto-Slavic *čьto. Proto-Slavic joined the interrogative *čь (“what”) to *to, the neuter of *tъ (“that”) (see тот); the pronoun proper is…