tip

Forms

tip n (plural tipuri); m (plural tipi), feminine tipă (plural tipe).^[2][1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French type, and DEX and MDN also name Latin typus (“figure, image”) as a source.^[2][3][1] Ciorănescu gives only the French word.^[4] Tiktin and MDA2 add the Greek form, and MDA2 names Modern Greek τύπος (típos) beside Latin and French.^[4][5][6] The Latin word is from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “blow, impression”), from τύπτω (túptō, “to strike”).^[1] Ciorănescu calls it a doublet of tipă “printing letter”, from Italian tipo.^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is Cantemir's Divanul of 1698, where pilde și tipuri are “examples and models”.^[5] MDA2 cites the same work from its 1878 edition.^[6] Negulici gave it in 1848 as “model, original figure; the figure on a medal”.^[7]

Semantic evolution

The neuter tip (plural tipuri) means a model or pattern, a typical specimen, and a kind or sort.^[2][6] Older senses were “printing type” and “the image on a medal”.^[6][8] From the sense “characteristic figure” came the familiar masculine tip (plural tipi, feminine tipă) “fellow, guy”, sometimes slighting.^[4][9][5]

Timeline

• 1698 – tipuri “models” in Cantemir's Divanul.^[5]
• 1848 – in Negulici's dictionary of neologisms.^[7]

Meanings

Noun

1. An object that serves as a model for others of the same kind; a prototype.^[2][1]
2. A specimen that has the features typical of a whole group; a character in literature or art who embodies a social or psychological type.^[2]
3. The set of distinctive features of a group, family or race; a distinctive trait.^[2][6]
4. A sort, kind, category: un nou tip de mașină “a new type of car”.^[2][1]
5. (colloquial, masculine and feminine) A guy, a fellow, an individual.^[2][10][1]

Word family

• prototip
• stereotip
• tipic

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1126
3. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. tip
4. ^ a b c d Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. tip
5. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. tip
6. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1223
7. ^ a b Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. tip
8. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 653
9. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 429
10. ^ Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu, p. s.v. tip