tindeche

Forms

tindeche f (plural tindechi)^[1] Regional forms include tindeică (Transylvania), tinzaică (Banat), tindec (Oltenia), întindeaică and timbeiche.^[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin tendicula (“a stretcher; a snare”), through a syncopated Vulgar Latin *tendicla.^{[2][3][5][4][1][6][7]} The Latin word is formed on tendō (“to stretch”) with an instrument suffix, and Seneca uses it of the stretchers on which fullers spread cloth.^[8][1] Pascu and Iordan derived the Romanian word from tinde instead, which Ciorănescu finds less likely.^[2]

The word survives south of the Danube: Megleno-Romanian tindeclă or stindeclă.^[2][6] Elsewhere in Romance the word also names the loom's stretcher: Friulian tendele and Occitan tendiyo.^[2][7] Pușcariu explains the Bran form timbeiche by crossing with tâmplă.^[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin and MDA2 date the first record to Gheorghe Șincai's handbook of farming, Povățuire cătră economia de câmp (1806).^[3][4]

Semantic evolution

The word names the toothed rod of iron or wood that keeps the cloth stretched to its width on the hand loom; the mechanical loom's set of small wheels doing the same job took the name later.^[5][9] Regionally it names other cross-pieces: the bar joining the loom's treadles at the back, the bow of a plough, the rails of a door, and in Oltenia a woven string for carrying pots of food to the field.^[4][9][10] A folk verse has a weaver lament „N-am tindeche, n-am nici spată” “I have no stretcher and no reed”.^[9]

Timeline

• 1806 – Șincai's farming handbook, the first record.^[3][4]
• 1890s – Delavrancea: „a sărit tindechea” “the stretcher has sprung”.^[9][11]
• 20th century – the stretching device of the mechanical loom.^[9]

Meanings

Noun

1. A narrow rod of wood or steel with teeth at both ends that keeps the cloth stretched on a hand loom; a temple.^[5][4][1]
2. A set of small wheels that stretches the cloth on a mechanical loom.^[5][4]
3. (regional) Other cross-bars: of a loom, a plough or a door.^[4]

Related words

• tinde
• Latin tendicula

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. tindeche
3. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. tindeche
4. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1221
5. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1126
6. ^ a b c Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 161
7. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 8641
8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
9. ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. tindeche
10. ^ Marin, Maria; Mărgărit, Iulia, Glosar dialectal. Muntenia, București: Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti”, p. s.v. tindeche
11. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 428