tindă

Forms

tindă f (plural tinde)^[1] The plural is tinde or, in older and eastern use, tinzi: Nicolae Costin writes of „tindzile scârnave” “the filthy entrance halls”.^[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin tenda (“tent”), a noun formed on tendō (“to stretch”).^{[5][3][2][4][6][7]} Ciorănescu names Densusianu, Pușcariu, Iordan, Byhan, the REW and Philippide for this view.^[5] Wiktionary traces the Latin noun to a Vulgar Latin *tendita, a feminine participle of the verb.^[1] Nocentini traces it to tenta “stretched (cloth)”, with the ⟨d⟩ of the present stem.^[1][8] Graur counts it among the regressive derivatives of the verb.^[9] Cihac's derivation from Modern Greek τέντα (ténta) and Miklosich's from Old Church Slavonic тенъта (tenŭta) are improbable, Ciorănescu says.^[5]

The Romance cognates mean “tent, curtain”: Italian tenda, Occitan tenda, Catalan tenda, Portuguese tenda, Spanish tienda and Friulian tinde.^[5][3][1] In the south it survives as Aromanian tendă “tent, goat-hair rug”, which Papahagi compares with the Greek and Italian words; the REW takes the variant tentă from Bulgarian.^[10][7] In Romanian the sense moved from the tent to the porch and the entrance hall of a house.^[3][5]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in the Codicele Voronețean of about 1563–1583, in Acts 23:35, where Paul is to be guarded in Herod's hall: „Porănci elu întru tindele lu Irodu se-lu străjuiască”.^[11][4][3] The New Testament of 1648 has tărnaț there and the Bible of 1688 divan.^[11]

Semantic evolution

In the old texts the word is the porch or gallery in front of a building, and the narthex of a church: Neculce and Radu Greceanu record princes adding a tindă to a church.^[11][3] In the village house it became the small entrance room between the living rooms, often used as a kitchen; that is the main sense today.^[2][4][12] Older senses were “antechamber” and “corridor, gallery”.^[4][2] Folk phrases build on the room at the threshold: a face treaba până în tindă “to leave a job half done”, and the mocking feciori de ghindă fătați în tindă for people who claim a grand descent.^[4][3] Regionally it names part of the attic and the first chamber of a fish trap.^[4]

Timeline

• c. 1563–1583 – tindele “the hall (of Herod)” in the Codicele Voronețean, the first record.^[11][4][3]
• 1688 – „ieși Aod la tindă” in the Bucharest Bible, Judges 3.^[11]
• 1705 – the diminutive tindiță in Cantemir's Istoria ieroglifică.^[3]
• early 18th century – the porch of a church in Radu Greceanu's chronicle and in Neculce.^[11][3]
• 1801 – Klein's dictionary glosses tinda as Latin atrium.^[13]
• 1825 – the Buda Lexicon: “entrance hall”, with the diminutive tinduță.^[14]

Meanings

Noun

1. A small entrance room in a peasant house, opening into the other rooms.^[2][4][15]
2. (dated) A corridor, gallery; an antechamber.^[2][4]
3. The narthex of a church.^[2][4]
4. A porch, veranda.^[2][4]

Related words

• tinde
• Aromanian tendă
• Latin tenda

Usage notes

A face (o treabă) până în tindă means to start something and not finish it.^[2][4]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1126
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. tindă
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1221
5. ^ a b c d e Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. tindă
6. ^ Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 160
7. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 8639
8. ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
9. ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 100
10. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1029
11. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. tindă
12. ^ Ștef, Dorin (2011), Dicționar de regionalisme și arhaisme din Maramureș, Baia Mare: Ethnologica, p. s.v. tindă
13. ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 457
14. ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 709
15. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. tindă