studia

Forms

studia (third-person singular present studiază or (obsolete) studie, past participle studiat) 1st conjugation^[1] A regional variant is ștudia.^[2]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Italian studiare (“to study”), a 19th-century learned loan.^[3][4][5][1] MDA2 compares French étudier, and NODEX names French beside Italian as a source.^[2][6] The Italian verb is recorded from the second half of the 13th century.^[7] It is formed on studio (“study”), from Latin studium (“zeal, application”), which comes from studeō (“to devote oneself to”).^[7][8][1]

Romanian took the related nouns separately: studiu from Latin, student from Italian.^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1833.^[5] MDA2's first record is I. Eliade's translations from Byron (1834), where a character had not yet had occasion to study the character of another, that is, to observe him closely.^[2][9]

Semantic evolution

In the 19th century the verb meant both “to learn a science or an art” and “to examine, observe closely”;^[10] Negulici's dictionary of 1848 gives both under studiare.^[10] An older third person studie stood beside the modern studiază.^[9][1] The reflexive sense “to adopt a studied manner when watched” is recorded later.^[4] In slang it means “to drink alcohol”.^[11]

Timeline

• 1833 – the first record.^[5]
• 1834 – in I. Eliade's translations from Byron.^[2]
• 1848 – Negulici lists studiare as a neologism.^[10]
• 1875 – Antonescu glosses it as French “étudier, apprendre”.^[12]

Meanings

Verb

1. (transitive) To study: to work steadily to gain knowledge of a subject;^[4][6][1] (intransitive) to be a student.^[4][6][1]
2. (transitive, reflexive) To observe closely, to examine or analyse carefully.^[4][1]
3. (reflexive) To adopt a studied manner, especially when one knows one is being watched.^[4]
4. (slang) To drink alcohol.^[11]

Word family

• studiere
• studiat

Related words

• student
• studiu
• studio
• Italian studiare

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1025
3. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. studia
4. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1062
5. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. studiá
6. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. studia
7. ^ a b Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier, p. s.v. studiare
8. ^ Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli, p. s.v. studio
9. ^ a b Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. studia
10. ^ a b c Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. studiare
11. ^ a b Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu, p. s.v. studia
12. ^ Antonescu, G. M. (1875), Dictionariu romanu-francesu, Bucuresci: Typografia Curții (Lucrători Associați), p. 300