rezistență

Forms

rezistență f (plural rezistențe)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French résistance, and MDA2 and NODEX also name borrowed from Italian resistenza.^[2][3][1][4] The ending ⟨-ență⟩ follows the Latin form, as Scriban notes.^[5] Both words come from Late Latin resistentia, from resistō (“to resist”).^[6][1] Wiktionary adds that it can be read as the verb rezista with the suffix -ență.^[1]

Dimitrescu takes the political sense, opposition to a totalitarian regime, from the Italian word.^[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is of 1848, in the spelling resistanță, for the opposition of a mother's anger.^[2][4] Kogălniceanu used it for armed resistance inside the country.^[4]

Semantic evolution

The first senses were opposition and military resistance, quoted from Kogălniceanu, Filimon and an 1861 calendar.^[4] The physical senses followed, the strength of a body under a force, endurance against hunger and fatigue,^[4][8] and electrical resistance and its component, the resistor.^[9] After the Second World War it also named the movements against the occupiers in the occupied countries,^[10][9] and after 1989 the opposition to communism, rezistența anticomunistă.^[7]

Timeline

• 1848 – resistanță, the first record.^[2][4]
• 1861 – resistența of the French fleets.^[4]
• 1929 – the strength of a body and the opposition to another's will, in Șăineanu.^[8]
• 1955–1957 – the wartime Resistance in the occupied countries.^[10]
• 1993 – rezistența românească, anti-communist resistance.^[7]

Meanings

Noun

1. resistance, opposition; defence against an attack, and the holding of positions against the enemy.^[9]
2. The Resistance: the movements against the German, Italian and Japanese occupiers in the Second World War.^[9]
3. The quality of being rezistent; the power to bear illness, fatigue, hunger or want.^[9]
4. The property of a body to bear the action of another body or force without change: rezistența materialelor “strength of materials”.^[9][2]
5. Electrical resistance, the force a conductor opposes to a current.^[9]
6. (technology) A rezistor.^[9]

Related words

• rezista
• rezistent

Usage notes

The phrase de rezistență means “that helps one hold out”.^[10]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 706
3. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. rezistență
4. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. rezistență
5. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1126
6. ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier, p. s.v. resistenza
7. ^ a b c Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE), p. s.v. rezistență
8. ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 549
9. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 953
10. ^ a b c Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 3, 745