rezista

Forms

rezista (third-person singular present rezistă, past participle rezistat, third-person subjunctive reziste) 1st conjugation^[1] The first record has the old form răzista: „îi răsistă, adecă îi stă în coantră” “resists it, that is, stands against it”.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French résister, with Latin resistō (“to stand still, withstand”) as a second source, as DEX, MDA2 and MDN give it.^[4][5][6][1] DN names Italian resistere as a third source.^[7] Tiktin sees the model in the Latin verb.^[3] The French verb, recorded about 1240, was borrowed from Latin, which formed it from re- and sistō (“to set, stand firm”).^[8]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the word to 1816, in Maior's Învățătură, with the form răsistă.^[3][2] Negulici's dictionary of neologisms lists it in 1848 as resistare “to stand against, hold firm, not be defeated”.^[9]

Semantic evolution

The sense of objects and materials that keep their form under outside forces stands beside that of people who oppose or endure; by 1929 Șăineanu gives both and a figurative “to bear” troubles.^[10][5] Of living beings it came to mean surviving hard conditions, and of ideas holding up under scrutiny.^[5][7]

Timeline

• 1816 – răsistă in Maior's Învățătură, the first record.^[3]
• 1848 – resistare in Negulici's dictionary.^[9]
• 1893–1895 – a rezista in Damé's dictionary, glossed with French résister.^[11]

Meanings

Verb

1. (intransitive) To resist, to oppose, hold out against someone or something, not give in: Cetatea a rezistat asediului.^[4][1]
2. Of objects and materials, to withstand outside forces without changing.^[4][5]
3. To endure fatigue, hunger or pain; of living beings, to survive in hard conditions.^[5]
4. Of ideas or statements, to hold good.^[7][5]

Related words

• rezistență
• rezistent
• Latin resistō

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. rezista
3. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. rezista
4. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 953
5. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 706
6. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. rezista
7. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. rezista
8. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
9. ^ a b Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. resistare
10. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 549
11. ^ Damé, Frédéric (1893–1895), Nouveau dictionnaire roumain-français, 4 vols., Bucarest: Imprimerie de l'État, p. s.v. rezista