Etymology and origin of the Romanian word rată
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Borrowing
- First attested
- 1812 Petru Maior's Istoria pentru începutul românilor în Dachia More words from the 19th century
- Borrowed from
- German Rate
- Ultimate origin
- Latin reor
Forms
rată f (plural rate)[1]
Etymology
It is borrowed from German Rate (“instalment”).[2][3][4][5][1] Ciorănescu follows Candrea in the German source and compares Italian rata, which passed into Modern Greek ράτα (ráta);[6] Scriban names Italian and Latin as well as German.[7]
The German word was borrowed in the 16th century from Latin (pars) rata (“reckoned part”);[8] Pfeifer derives it from rata (“a reckoned, fixed share”), perhaps under Italian influence.[9] This is the feminine of ratus (“reckoned, fixed”), the past participle of reor (“to reckon, think”), from the phrase prō ratā parte (“in proportion”).[9][10] The Italian word is recorded from 1279.[11]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin's first record is Petru Maior's Istoria pentru începutul românilor în Dachia, page 260, of 1812;[4][3] MDA2 cites the 1834 edition.[4][3] The Buda Lexicon of 1825 explains it with Latin pars rata and German “the part that falls to each one”.[12]
Semantic evolution
The first sense was a share, a portion.[12] It narrowed to a term of payment and to a part of a sum paid in several instalments, the sense of Ciorănescu and Șăineanu.[6][13] În rate “by instalments” followed;[7][14] Scriban gives a bookseller who sells on instalments.[7][14]
In economics it came to mean a ratio or percentage: the political economy of the 1950s had rata profitului “the rate of profit” and rata plusvalorii “the rate of surplus value”, and present-day usage has rata dobânzii “the interest rate” and rata anuală a inflației “the annual rate of inflation”.[14][2] Graur puts the word in the family of rațiune, proporție and ratifica.[10]
Timeline
- 1812 – first record, in Petru Maior's history.[4]
- 1825 – the Buda Lexicon glosses it as the part that falls to each one.[12]
- 1929 – Șăineanu defines it as an agreed term of payment.[13]
- 1955–1957 – rata profitului and rata plusvalorii in political economy.[14]
Meanings
Noun
- An instalment: a part of a debt or obligation paid or distributed at a fixed date: în rate “by instalments”.[2][3]
- (economics) A rate, a ratio or percentage: rata dobânzii “the interest rate”, rata anuală a inflației “the annual rate of inflation”.[2][15]
Related words
- rațiune
- proporție
- ratifica
- German Rate
Usage notes
In colloquial and regional speech rata is also a local bus linking a town with nearby villages.[16][1] Ștef derives it from RATA, the name of the state road transport company founded in 1946 (Regia Autonomă a Transportului cu Autovehicule); Wiktionary expands the name with Autobuzele.[16][1]
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 913
- ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 626
- ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. rată
- ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. rată
- ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. rată
- ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1089
- ^ Kluge, Friedrich; Seebold, Elmar (2011), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 25th ed., Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter, p. 747
- ^ a b Pfeifer, Wolfgang, et al. (1993), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen, 2nd ed., Berlin: Akademie-Verlag; digital revised version in the DWDS, dwds.de
- ^ a b Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 79
- ^ Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
- ^ a b c Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 577
- ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 536
- ^ a b c d Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 3, 657
- ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. rată
- ^ a b Ștef, Dorin (2021), Dicționar de regionalisme și arhaisme din județul Maramureș, 3rd ed., Baia Mare, p. s.v. rátă
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Rată.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/rat%C4%83. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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