Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word rată

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1812 Petru Maior's Istoria pentru începutul românilor în Dachia More words from the 19th century
Borrowed from
German Rate
Ultimate origin
Latin reor

Forms

rată f (plural rate)[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from German Rate (“instalment”).[2][3][4][5][1] Ciorănescu follows Candrea in the German source and compares Italian rata, which passed into Modern Greek ράτα (ráta);[6] Scriban names Italian and Latin as well as German.[7]

The German word was borrowed in the 16th century from Latin (pars) rata (“reckoned part”);[8] Pfeifer derives it from rata (“a reckoned, fixed share”), perhaps under Italian influence.[9] This is the feminine of ratus (“reckoned, fixed”), the past participle of reor (“to reckon, think”), from the phrase prō ratā parte (“in proportion”).[9][10] The Italian word is recorded from 1279.[11]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is Petru Maior's Istoria pentru începutul românilor în Dachia, page 260, of 1812;[4][3] MDA2 cites the 1834 edition.[4][3] The Buda Lexicon of 1825 explains it with Latin pars rata and German “the part that falls to each one”.[12]

Semantic evolution

The first sense was a share, a portion.[12] It narrowed to a term of payment and to a part of a sum paid in several instalments, the sense of Ciorănescu and Șăineanu.[6][13] În rate “by instalments” followed;[7][14] Scriban gives a bookseller who sells on instalments.[7][14]

In economics it came to mean a ratio or percentage: the political economy of the 1950s had rata profitului “the rate of profit” and rata plusvalorii “the rate of surplus value”, and present-day usage has rata dobânzii “the interest rate” and rata anuală a inflației “the annual rate of inflation”.[14][2] Graur puts the word in the family of rațiune, proporție and ratifica.[10]

Timeline

  • 1812 – first record, in Petru Maior's history.[4]
  • 1825 – the Buda Lexicon glosses it as the part that falls to each one.[12]
  • 1929 – Șăineanu defines it as an agreed term of payment.[13]
  • 1955–1957 – rata profitului and rata plusvalorii in political economy.[14]

Meanings

Noun

  1. An instalment: a part of a debt or obligation paid or distributed at a fixed date: în rate “by instalments”.[2][3]
  2. (economics) A rate, a ratio or percentage: rata dobânzii “the interest rate”, rata anuală a inflației “the annual rate of inflation”.[2][15]
  • rațiune
  • proporție
  • ratifica
  • German Rate

Usage notes

In colloquial and regional speech rata is also a local bus linking a town with nearby villages.[16][1] Ștef derives it from RATA, the name of the state road transport company founded in 1946 (Regia Autonomă a Transportului cu Autovehicule); Wiktionary expands the name with Autobuzele.[16][1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 913
  3. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 626
  4. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. rată
  5. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. rată
  6. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. rată
  7. ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1089
  8. ^ Kluge, Friedrich; Seebold, Elmar (2011), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 25th ed., Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter, p. 747
  9. ^ a b Pfeifer, Wolfgang, et al. (1993), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen, 2nd ed., Berlin: Akademie-Verlag; digital revised version in the DWDS, dwds.de
  10. ^ a b Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 79
  11. ^ Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
  12. ^ a b c Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 577
  13. ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 536
  14. ^ a b c d Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 3, 657
  15. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. rată
  16. ^ a b Ștef, Dorin (2021), Dicționar de regionalisme și arhaisme din județul Maramureș, 3rd ed., Baia Mare, p. s.v. rátă

Related etymologies

  • casă · also from German
  • pas · also from German
  • lac · also from German
  • rută · also from German
  • arie · also from German
  • laț · also from German
  • must · also from German
  • telefon · also from German
Cite this entry

“Rată.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/rat%C4%83. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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