rășină

Forms

rășină f (plural rășini)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin resīna (“resin”).^{[2][3][4][5][6][1]} Latin had adapted the word from Ancient Greek ῥητίνη (rhētínē, “pine resin”).^[7][1] The REW also records a Latin variant rasina.^[6]

It survives south of the Danube as Aromanian arushinã.^{[2][8][9][10]} Albanian rrëshirë has the same Latin source.^[2][11][1] Romance cognates include Italian resina, Occitan rezina, French résine and Spanish resina.^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in the Psaltirea Scheiană (c. 1573–1578), in the Song of the Three Youths.^[12][3] The Bucharest Bible of 1688 has it in Jeremiah 8:22: „Au rășină nu este în Galaad, au doftor nu este acolo?” “Is there no balm in Gilead, is there no physician there?”^[12][13]

Semantic evolution

The word names the sticky, flammable matter that flows from trees, especially firs, which was burnt in torches and to perfume a room.^[14][4] Popular usage extends it to pitch and tar, regionally to cobbler's wax, and in jesting verses to dirt.^[3] The Lexicon de la Buda (1825) glosses it with Latin resina and pix and German Pech and Harz.^[15] With modern chemistry it also covers synthetic resins.^[4][16]

The adjective rășinos “resinous” is a Romanian derivative;^[2] Pușcariu's derivation of it from Latin resīnōsus is uncertain.^[2] Rășinar is a person who gathers or sells resin.^[17]

Timeline

• c. 1573–1578 – rășină in the Psaltirea Scheiană, the first record.^[12][3]
• 1649 – Mardarie's lexicon glosses Slavonic нафта “naphtha” with it.^[18]
• 1688 – four times in the Bucharest Bible, among them Jeremiah 8:22.^[13]
• 1801 – Rafhína (rășină) in Klein's dictionary, glossed with Latin pix.^[19]
• 1825 – rẻšinả in the Lexicon de la Buda.^[15]

Meanings

Noun

1. resin: a name for sticky, flammable substances secreted by various plants, especially conifers, or made synthetically.^[4][3]
2. (popular) pitch, tar.^[3][1]
3. (regional) cobbler's wax.^[3]

Word family

• rășinos
• rășinar

Related words

• Aromanian arushinã
• Latin resīna

Usage notes

Regional forms include râșină in Moldavia and rușină elsewhere.^[12][14][3] The plural rășinuri means “kinds of resin”.^[12]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. rășină
3. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 647
4. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 920
5. ^ a b Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 128
6. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 7244
7. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
8. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 158
9. ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 43
10. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 134
11. ^ Çabej, Eqrem (2002), Studime etimologjike në fushë të shqipes VI (N–Rr), Tiranë, p. 331
12. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. rășină
13. ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Ieremia 8:22
14. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 1099
15. ^ a b Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 585
16. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. rășină
17. ^ Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. rășinar
18. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. rășină
19. ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 431