Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word puțin

Confidence
Disputed
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1500–1520 Psaltirea Hurmuzaki More words from the 15th century
Inherited from
Latin *putinus
Ultimate origin
Vulgar Latin *putīnus

Pronunciation

  • /puˈt͡sin/[1]

Forms

puțin m or n (feminine singular puțină, masculine plural puțini, feminine/neuter plural puține)[1] MDA2 records the old variants poțin, puțăn, puțân and puțun.[2] Gaster's chrestomathy has puțân and poțin in 16th- and 17th-century texts.[3] In the north the form puțun is used.[4]

Etymology

It is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *putīnus (“small”), a form Wiktionary explains as a blend or alteration of Latin pisinnus (“tiny; a little child”) and pitinnus with putillus and pusillus.[1] MDA2 and the DLR give the same etymon and equate it with Medieval Latin pittinus (“small”).[2][5] Gustav Meyer, Candrea, Pușcariu and the REW derive *putīnus from Latin putus (“boy”), formed as masculīnus was from masculus.[6][7][8] Ciorănescu calls the origin obscure: he sees an expressive root *piț- behind the word, compares the Medieval Latin forms and the many Romance words for small things, and finds the derivation itself unclear.[7] The other explanation, from Cipariu and Pascu, starts from Vulgar Latin *paucīnus, a derivative of Latin paucus (“few, little”);[7][1][4] Wiktionary considers it less likely.[7][1][4] Paucus goes back to Proto-Indo-European *peh₂u- (“few, small”).[9][1]

The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian putsãn, Megleno-Romanian puțǫn and Istro-Romanian puțin.[7][10][11] Wiktionary compares Albanian picërr (“small”), Italian piccino and French petit.[1] Çabej reports that G. Meyer took the Albanian word from Romance, from a Venetian form.[12] Nocentini explains the Italian word as sound symbolism, an elementary sequence /pi-/ with various consonants after it that expresses smallness, and notes Late Latin pisinnus and pitinnus.[13]

Earliest recorded meaning

The Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, of the early 16th century, already has puțin (Psalm 8:6) and the diminutive puținel.[14][15] MDA2 and Tiktin cite the Codicele Voronețean (c. 1563–1583) as the first record, where the word means “small in amount”: „Da meșterilor lucrare nu puțină” “he gave the craftsmen no little work”.[2][16][5]

Semantic evolution

From the first texts the adjective means “little” with mass nouns and “few” with plural nouns, and it is also used as an adverb.[5][16] The Palia of 1581 has „Cumpărați oarece puțină hrană” “buy a little food”, and the Bible of 1688 „Mulți sunt chemați, iară puțini aleși” “many are called, but few are chosen”.[5][16] Old texts also used puțin nu or puțin de nu for “almost”: Neculce wrote that Cantemir reigned „puțin nu deplin opt ani” “almost a full eight years”.[16] MDA2 records an old sense “low” of prices.[2]

For the comparative mai puțin “less” Ciorănescu compares Sardinian prus pagu, from Latin plus paucum.[7] The diminutive puțintel “a little; slight” is, in Pușcariu's view, a dissimilated form of *puțincel, or its suffix was carried over from mititel.[7][6] Other derivatives are puținătate “small quantity” and împuțina “to reduce”.[7]

Timeline

  • early 16th century – puțin and puținel in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.[14][15]
  • c. 1563–1583 – „lucrare nu puțină” in the Codicele Voronețean, MDA2's first record.[2][5]
  • 1581 – „puțină hrană” “a little food” in the Palia de la Orăștie.[5]
  • 1649 – puțin in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[17]
  • 1688 – puțin and its forms more than 250 times in the Bucharest Bible, among them puțintel.[18][19]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Small in quantity, little; not enough, insufficient: puțină apă “a little water”.[20] As a neuter noun, a small amount: puținul “the little (that there is)”.[20][1]
  2. Small in size or extent; weak, of low intensity.[20]
  3. Of time: brief, short: în puține zile “in a few days”.[20][2]
  4. With plural nouns, used like a numeral: few, not many: Puțini au înțeles.[20][1]

Adverb

  1. A little, to a small degree or for a short time: Mai stai puțin.[20][21]
  2. Somewhat, rather.[22]

Word family

  • puțintel
  • puținel
  • puținătate
  • împuțina

Usage notes

Cel puțin and pe puțin mean “at least”;[20][4] mai puțin is “less” and, in arithmetic and lists, “minus, except”.[20][4] Pentru puțin! is the polite reply to thanks, “don't mention it”.[20][16] Puțin la minte means “dim-witted”.[20]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 611
  3. ^ Gaster, M. (1891), Chrestomatie română: texte tipărite și manuscrise (sec. XVI–XIX), dialectale și populare, cu o introducere, gramatică și un glosar româno-francez, vol. II, Leipzig: Brockhaus / București: Socec, p. s.v. puțin
  4. ^ a b c d e Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1081
  5. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. puțin
  6. ^ a b Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 125
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. puțin
  8. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 6550
  9. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  10. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 875
  11. ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula, p. s.v. puțin
  12. ^ Çabej, Eqrem (2002), Studime etimologjike në fushë të shqipes VI (N–Rr), Tiranë, p. 223
  13. ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier, p. s.v. piccino
  14. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 8:6
  15. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 36:17
  16. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. puțín
  17. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. puțin
  18. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Matthew 20:16
  19. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Leviticus 25:52
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 902
  21. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. puțin
  22. ^ Breban, Vasile (1980), Dicționar al limbii române contemporane de uz curent, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 483

Related etymologies

  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
  • sta · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Puțin.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/pu%C8%9Bin. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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