produs

Forms

produs n (plural produse)^[1] An older plural is produsuri.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is the past participle of the verb used as a noun, from Romanian produce (“to produce”), on the model of French produit.^[4][5][6][1] The verb is a learned loan from Latin prōdūcō (“to bring forth”), and Ciorănescu adds produire, adapted to the conjugation of duce.^[7][8] Ciorănescu treats it as a variant of the older product, also made after the French noun;^[7][4] DEX takes that word from Latin productus and German Produkt.^[7][4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Antonescu's dictionary of 1875 lists the participle produssu as an adjective, “produced”.^[9] As a noun it is in Barcianu's dictionary of 1886 and Damé's of 1893.^[10][3] MDA2's first record is Titu Maiorescu's Logica, which it cites from the fifth edition of 1898, for a chemical product.^[2][10]

Semantic evolution

Scriban's dictionary of 1939 gives the income from an estate or a trade, a thing that results from something else, the result of a multiplication, and the produce of farming, industry and the arts.^[6] In the economic language of the 20th century it became the usual word for goods made by labour, with set phrases such as produs finit “finished product” and produs intern brut “gross domestic product”; the older product became obsolete.^[4][2] Press slang of about 2000 has la produs for earning money by prostitution.^[11]

Timeline

• 1875 – the participle produssu as an adjective in Antonescu's dictionary.^[9]
• 1886 – the noun in Barcianu's dictionary.^[10]
• 1893 – Damé gives the noun with the plural produsuri.^[3]
• 1898 – un produs chimic in Maiorescu's Logica (fifth edition).^[2][10]

Meanings

Noun

1. A product: a material good made by work; all the goods made in production; a substance obtained naturally or in a laboratory.^[4][1]
2. The material result of a social, natural or creative process; by extension a consequence, an effect.^[4][2]
3. (mathematics) The result of a multiplication.^[4][2]

Related words

• producere
• producție
• producător
• produce
• product

Usage notes

Produs is also the past participle of produce: marfa a fost produsă în țară “the goods were made in the country”.^[4][1] Set phrases include produs de schimb “commodity” and produs național brut “gross national product”.^[4]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 560
3. ^ a b c Damé, Frédéric (1893–1895), Nouveau dictionnaire roumain-français, 4 vols., Bucarest: Imprimerie de l'État, p. s.v. produs
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 881
5. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. produs
6. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 1058
7. ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. produce
8. ^ Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. prodúce
9. ^ a b Antonescu, G. M. (1875), Dictionariu romanu-francesu, Bucuresci: Typografia Curții (Lucrători Associați), p. 248
10. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. produs
11. ^ Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE), p. s.v. produs