prietenos

Forms

prietenos m or n (feminine singular prietenoasă, masculine plural prietenoși, feminine/neuter plural prietenoase)^[1] Old and regional texts have prietinos: the Curierul românesc of 1829 reports that the Sultan received the ambassador „cu cel mai prietinos aer” “with the friendliest air”.^[2][3] A regional variant is pretenos.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian prieten + -os.^{[4][3][2][5][1]} prieten “friend” is from Old Church Slavonic приꙗтель (prijatelĭ).^[6][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1822;^[5][3][7] MDA2's first is the Buda lexicon of 1825.^[5][3][7] The sense was “friendly, amicable”, and in 1829 the Curierul românesc speaks of a reception with „cel mai prietinos aer” “the friendliest air”.^[2]

Semantic evolution

The adjective is used of people full of goodwill, of their manner and words, and also adverbially, “in a friendly way”.^[2][4] By extension it describes animals that are not hostile and places or weather that are pleasant and inviting.^[2][3]

In recent years it has taken over senses of English friendly: prietenos cu mediul “environmentally friendly” and prețuri prietenoase “affordable prices”.^[8]

Timeline

• 1822 – the first record.^[5]
• 1825 – listed in the Buda lexicon.^[3]
• 1829 – prietinos in the Curierul românesc.^[2]
• 2005 – prețuri prietenoase “affordable prices” in the press.^[8]
• 2011 – prietenos cu mediul “environmentally friendly” in the press.^[8]

Meanings

Adjective

1. friendly, amicable: full of affection and goodwill towards others; often used as an adverb, “in a friendly way”.^[4][3][1]
2. Of words or gestures: showing friendship or goodwill.^[3][2]
3. Pleasant, agreeable, inviting: o cameră prietenoasă.^[4][3]
4. (recent) Not harmful or hostile, after English friendly: prietenos cu mediul “environmentally friendly”.^[8]

Related words

• prieten
• prietenie
• prietenesc

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. prietenos
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 536
4. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 874
5. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. prietenos
6. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. prieten
7. ^ a b Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.)
8. ^ a b c d Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE), p. s.v. prietenos