prietenie

Forms

prietenie f (plural prietenii)^[1] Old and regional forms include pretenie, prietinie, priitenie and pretinie.^[2] A text of 1777 spells it priiteniie: „Priimindu-l cu bucurie, arătându priiteniie” “receiving him with joy, showing friendship”.^[3]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian prieten + -ie, as MDA2, the DLR, Tiktin, Scriban and Wiktionary state.^{[2][3][4][5][1]} Cihac lists it with prieten in the family of prii “to suit, do good”.^[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the word to the Palia de la Orăștie (1581–1582), where the passage he quotes, Exodus 34:12, has the related form prietnicie: „Caută cum prietnicie să nu faci cu lăcuitorii acelui pământ” “take heed not to make friendship with the inhabitants of that land”.^[4] The form prietenie is in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon of 1649.^[7] MDA2's first record is the Cantacuzino chronicle, where the Wallachians send imperial envoys to Michael the Brave “for that friendship and loyalty”.^[2][3]

Semantic evolution

It means the feeling of sympathy, esteem and attachment that binds friends, and the relationship built on it.^[8][2] It long competed with the synonyms prieteșug and prietnicie, which are now old or folk words.^[3][2] From the person it passed to friendly ties between peoples and countries, and MDA2 records a euphemistic use for a love affair.^[2][8]

Timeline

• 1581–1582 – the form prietnicie in the Palia de la Orăștie, after Tiktin.^[4]
• 1649 – prietenie in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.^[7]
• 1688 – in the Bucharest Bible, Proverbs 18:25.^[9]
• 1777 – the spelling priiteniie.^[3]
• 1801 – Klein's dictionary glosses it with Latin amicitia.^[10]

Meanings

Noun

1. friendship: the feeling of sympathy, esteem and attachment that binds two people, and the relationship based on it; amiciție.^[8][2][1]
2. A friendly, kindly attitude towards someone;^[8][2] cu prietenie “in a friendly way”.^[8][2]
3. Friendly ties between peoples or countries based on shared interests.^[8][11]
4. (euphemistic) A love relationship.^[2]

Related words

• prieten
• prieteșug
• prii

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 536
3. ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. prietenie
4. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. prietenie
5. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1048
6. ^ Cihac, A. de (1879), Dictionnaire d'étymologie daco-romane II: Éléments slaves, magyars, turcs, grecs-moderne et albanais, Frankfurt am Main, p. 291
7. ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. prietenie
8. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 874
9. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Prov 18:25
10. ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 425
11. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. prietenie