pauză

Forms

pauză f (plural pauze)^[1]

Etymology

MDA2, DLR and DEX give it several sources, as with many 19th-century neologisms: it is borrowed from Latin pausa (“cessation, pause”), with French pause and German Pause beside it.^[2][3][4] Wiktionary names the French word and Italian pausa, the neologism dictionaries Latin and Italian with French and German as models, and Tiktin a learned Latin word taken in partly through other languages.^[1][5][6] The Latin noun is from Ancient Greek παῦσις (paûsis, “a stopping, rest”), from παύω (paúō, “to make stop”).^[7][8]

The Latin word also reached Romanian by an older road: repausō gave răposa “to die”, a word inherited long before the neologism.^[9] Gabinschi pairs the word with poză “pose”, which came through French from the same Latin family.^[10]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is Budai-Deleanu's Romanian–German lexicon of 1818, with the sense “rest, pause”.^[2][6][3]

Semantic evolution

The general sense, a break in an action or activity and the time it lasts, has been the main one since the first records;^[3] Heliade already uses it of the night, which had “made a solemn pause” halfway through its course.^[3] At school it came to mean the break between lessons, and in the theatre the interval.^[4][11]

Music took it for the rest, a silence of fixed length and the sign that marks it on the stave.^[12][4] Printers used it for a dash: Șăineanu glosses it as a typographic stroke, and DEX as the punctuation dash, longer than the hyphen, that marks a stop longer than a comma.^[13][4] In Muntenia în pauză means “on and off, with breaks”.^[14]

Timeline

• 1818 – pauză in Budai-Deleanu's lexicon.^[2][6]
• 1929 – Șăineanu records the musical sense and the printer's dash.^[13]
• 1939 – Scriban gives the musical rest and its sign on the stave.^[12]

Meanings

Noun

1. A pause or break: a temporary halt in an action, movement or activity, and the time it lasts;^[4][2][1] fără pauză “without a break, continuously”.^[4][2][1]
2. The break between lessons at school; recreație.^[4][11]
3. The interval of a show; antract.^[4][15]
4. (music) A rest: a sign on the stave marking a silence in the musical phrase and its length.^[4][12]
5. A dash: a horizontal line, longer than the hyphen, marking a longer stop in reading or setting apart two parts of a text.^[4][15]

Related words

• răposa
• repaus
• poză
• Latin pausa

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 288
3. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. pauză
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 784
5. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. pauză
6. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. pauză
7. ^ Kluge, Friedrich; Seebold, Elmar (2011), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 25th ed., Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter, p. 690
8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. pausa
9. ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 72
10. ^ Gabinschi, Marcu (2001), Dicționar de dublete etimologice ale limbii române, 2nd ed., Chișinău: Litera, p. 144
11. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 3, 342
12. ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 945
13. ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 471
14. ^ Marin, Maria; Mărgărit, Iulia, Glosar dialectal. Muntenia, București: Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti”, p. 816
15. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. pauză