marin

Forms

marin m or n (feminine singular marină, masculine plural marini, feminine/neuter plural marine)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French marin (“of the sea”), a 19th-century loan.^{[2][3][4][5][6]} The Marcu–Maneca dictionary of neologisms names Italian marino and Latin marīnus as well, and Wiktionary gives the French and the Latin word;^[7][1] Scriban derived it from Latin alone.^[8] The French word continues the Latin one,^[9] which is formed mare (“sea”) + -īnus.^[10][1] The Latin noun survives in the inherited Romanian word mare “sea”.^[4]

DER takes marină separately from marine, marinar “sailor” from marinaro (compare Modern Greek μαρινάρης (marináris)) and the verb marina “to marinate” from marinade.^[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2 and the DLR give as the first record Vaillant's Romanian–French dictionary of 1839, with the sense “of the sea”.^[3][5] The DLR's early literary examples speak of the work of the sea's waters, lucrarea marină, and of the shores built up by ancient seas.^[5]

Semantic evolution

From “belonging to the sea” the adjective was extended to plants and animals that live in the sea, to what the sea produces and to what concerns navigation, as in hărți marine “sea charts”, where it is a synonym of maritim.^[5][4] Used as a feminine noun, marină came to mean a painting of a seascape; the DLR quotes Camil Petrescu and Călinescu for it.^[5] Șăineanu's dictionary of 1929 still gives only the sea and navigation senses.^[11]

Timeline

• 1839 – marin “of the sea” in Vaillant's dictionary.^[3][5]
• 1929 – Șăineanu: “of the sea; serving navigation”, as in hartă marină.^[11]
• 1931 – CADE gives the same two senses.^[12]
• 1939 – Scriban adds ceasornic marin “marine chronometer” and the noun marină “seascape”.^[8]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Of the sea, relating to or typical of the sea; produced by the action of the sea: aer marin “sea air”.^[4][3]
2. (of plants and animals) Living or growing in the sea: faună marină.^[4][13]
3. Relating to navigation at sea; maritim: hărți marine.^[4][3]
4. (also as a feminine noun) Of a painting: showing a seascape.^[4][3][7]

Word family

• marină
• marinăresc
• marinărește

Related words

• mare
• maritim
• Latin marīnus

Usage notes

Marin is also a common masculine first name, from Latin Marinus;^[14] Constantinescu notes that the place-name type Sumarin continues the saint's name, sanctus Marinus.^[14]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. marin
3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1434
4. ^ a b c d e f g DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 620
5. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. marin
6. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual
7. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
8. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 776
9. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
10. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
11. ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 385
12. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească
13. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 3, 20
14. ^ a b Constantinescu, N. A. (1963), Dicționar onomastic romînesc, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne