marinar

Forms

marinar m (plural marinari)^[1] The first records have mariner: Albina Românească praised in 1829 „hotărîrea desperată a vitejilor noștri marineri” “the desperate resolve of our brave sailors”.^[2][3] Other variants are the popular mărinar, the obsolete mariner and măriner, and marinăr, mărinăr in Banat and Transylvania.^[4]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian marină + -ar, as DEX, DLR, MDA2, MDN and DILF give it.^{[5][2][4][6][7]} DLR and Tiktin see the model of French marinier, and DEX compares German Mariner;^[1][8][9] DLR takes the variants ⟨marinăr⟩ and ⟨mărinăr⟩ from the German word.^[2][3][5] Wiktionary instead takes it from Italian marinaro, and DN and Scriban compare the Italian word and Modern Greek μαρινάρης (marináris).^[1][8][9]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Albina Românească of 1829, in the form mariner, for the sailors of a ship ready to fight.^[2][4][3] The same year Curierul Românesc has marinari.^[2]

Semantic evolution

The word meant a seafarer and a member of a ship's crew;^[10] Drăghici glossed mărinarii with the older corăbierii “ship's men”.^[2] A specialised sense is a sailor doing his military service in the navy.^[2][4] In card and backgammon games, marinarii pe covertă! “sailors on deck!” is a joking call to put the stakes down.^[2][4] Regionally it means a boatman.^[4]

Timeline

• 1829 – marineri in Albina Românească and marinari in Curierul Românesc.^[2][3]
• 1870 – Costinescu defines it as one who has made long sea voyages.^[10]
• 1886 – Barcianu glosses it as German Seemann.^[11]

Meanings

Noun

1. sailor: a member of a ship's crew; a seaman.^[5][4]
2. A person whose trade is navigation; a seafarer.^[4][2]
3. A sailor doing military service in the navy.^[4][12]
4. (regional) A boatman.^[4]
5. (slang) An aborted foetus.^[13]

Word family

• marinăresc

Related words

• marină
• Italian marinaro

Usage notes

Guler marinar is a sailor collar, large and square, falling on the back.^[5] Used as an adjective, marinar “naval” is rare.^[4]

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. marinar
3. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. marinar
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1435
5. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 620
6. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. marinar
7. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria
8. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. marinar
9. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 776
10. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 72
11. ^ Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 371
12. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. marinar
13. ^ Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu, p. s.v. marinar