localiza

Forms

localiza (third-person singular present localizează, past participle localizat) 1st conjugation^[1] The 19th-century spelling was localisa: Eminescu wrote of having managed „a localisa măcar incendiul” “to contain the fire at least”.^[2]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French localiser, as DEX, MDA2, the DLR, the DN and Wiktionary agree.^{[3][4][2][5][1]} The French verb is made of local and the suffix -iser.^[1] Within Romanian the word can be analysed as local with the suffix -iza.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The DLR's first references are dictionaries: the French–Romanian vocabulary of Poenaru, Aaron and Hill, then Polizu and Pontbriant.^[2] The earliest senses were to confine something to one place and to fix it there.^[2][6]

Semantic evolution

The first use in prose is about containing a war or a fire to one place: Maiorescu writes of trying to prevent or at least localise a war, and Eminescu of a fire.^[7][2] Medicine and psychology used it for pains and sensations fixed in an organ, as in Laurian and Vlahuță, and the reflexive a se localiza “to settle in one place” is recorded too.^[2][4][8] From the theatre came the sense “to adapt a foreign work to local conditions”, which Negruzzi uses of translated and adapted plays.^[9][4] The sense “to place in time”, as in a chronological localizare, followed.^[7]

Timeline

• 1857 – in Polizu's dictionary, after a French–Romanian vocabulary the DLR cites first.^[2]
• 1862 – in Pontbriant's dictionary.^[2]
• 1872 – the sense “to adapt a play” in Negruzzi's collected writings.^[4][9]
• 1893 – Damé lists it with French localiser.^[6]
• 1931 – CADE records the medical reflexive boala s-a localizat.^[8]

Meanings

Verb

1. (transitive and reflexive) To confine, to limit (oneself) to a particular space or place: pompierii au localizat incendiul.^[3][4]
2. (transitive) To locate: to determine the place or time of a fact or an action.^[3][10][1]
3. (transitive, of literary works) To adapt to the historical and social conditions of a period or a region.^[3][9]
4. (reflexive, of pains and diseases) To be fixed in one place: durerea s-a localizat în piept.^[8][2]

Word family

• localizare
• localizat

Related words

• local
• French localiser

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. localiza
3. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 598
4. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1384
5. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. localiza
6. ^ a b Damé, Frédéric (1893–1895), Nouveau dictionnaire roumain-français, 4 vols., Bucarest: Imprimerie de l'État, p. s.v. localiza
7. ^ a b Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. localiza
8. ^ a b c Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. localiza
9. ^ a b c Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 775
10. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. localiza