local

Forms

local m or n (feminine singular locală, masculine plural locali, feminine/neuter plural locale)^[1] As a noun “premises” it is neuter, with the plural localuri and rarely locale.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French local, also borrowed from Late Latin locālis, as MDA2, DLR and the neologism dictionaries give it.^[2][4][5][1] DEX and DILF name French alone,^[3][6] while Tiktin takes the Latin word as the model, partly through other languages, and Scriban names Latin first.^[7][8] The Latin adjective is formed on locus (“place”) with -ālis,^[9] and is Late Latin.^[10][1] Ciorănescu lists it with the neologisms of the family of loc, the word Romanian inherited from the same Latin noun.^[11]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin and DLR date the first record to 1814.^[7][4] DLR's first quotation, from the Curierul românesc of 1829, speaks of the local authority deciding on a yearly levy, and MDA2 takes its first record from the same paper.^[4][2]

Semantic evolution

The adjective came first, in administration (autorități locale “local authorities”), and spread to medicine (a disease or a treatment confined to one part of the body) and to the arts (culoare locală “local colour”).^[4][8][12] The noun, a building or rooms seen with regard to their purpose, follows the French noun, which DHLF records with that sense from 1789.^[13][14] In Romanian it is quoted from Maiorescu on (localuri pentru școli “premises for schools”) and was narrowed to a place serving food and drink, a restaurant or a bar.^[13][3] Scriban also records a noun for a local person, which MDA2 calls rare.^[8][2]

Timeline

• 1814 – the first record.^[7][4]
• 1829 – stăpânirea locală “the local authority” in the Curierul românesc.^[4][2]
• 1870 – Costinescu's dictionary has both the adjective and the noun.^[15]
• 1886 – Barcianu gives the noun with the plurals localuri and locale.^[16]

Meanings

Noun

1. A building or a set of rooms used by an institution or a business: premises.^[3][6]
2. A place where food and drink are served, a restaurant or bar.^[3][17]

Adjective

1. local: particular to a place, coming from a given place: autorități locale “local authorities”.^[3][2][1]
2. (medicine) Applied to or confined to one part of the body: anestezie locală “local anaesthesia”.^[3][2]
3. (mathematics) Referring to a single point or a small domain of the plane or of space.^[3][18]

Related words

• loc
• localitate
• localiza
• localnic
• Latin locālis

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1384
3. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 598
4. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. local
5. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
6. ^ a b Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria
7. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. locál
8. ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 754
9. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
10. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
11. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. loc
12. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească
13. ^ a b Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. local
14. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
15. ^ Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 44
16. ^ Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 356
17. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 775
18. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual