fumar

Forms

fumar n (plural fumare)^[1] A variant fumariu occurs in folk poetry: „Ca firuțul paiului De-asupra fumariului” “like a wisp of straw above the smoke hole”.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin fūmārium (“smoke chamber”) in the view of the DA, DEX, MDA2 and Candrea–Densusianu, and the REW lists it under that word.^{[2][4][3][5][6]} Ciorănescu lists it instead among the Romanian derivatives of fum “smoke”, and Tiktin names both explanations.^[7][8]

In Latin the word was formed on fūmus (“smoke”) and meant a smoke room in which wine was matured.^[1][9] The REW gives as cognates Occitan fumier and Portuguese fumeiro.^[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is Bobb's dictionary of 1822, for the smoke hole in the roof of a peasant house.^[8] MDA2 dates the word from Frâncu and Candrea's study of the Moți of the Apuseni Mountains, 1888, which describes the fumar as a hole made in the roof so that the smoke from the stoves can leave the attic.^[3][2]

Semantic evolution

The word belongs to the peasant house of Transylvania: the smoke of the stove pipes rose into the attic and left through the fumar, a hole made in the roof for it.^[2][8] Its synonyms are the loanwords bageac and hogeag.^[4][2] Ciorănescu also records the Transylvanian senses “chimney flue” and “a fire that gives off a lot of smoke”.^[7]

Timeline

• 1822 – fumar in Bobb's dictionary, the first record.^[8]
• 1825 – fumar in the Lexicon de la Buda, which Candrea and Densusianu gloss “chimney”.^[5]
• 1888 – the smoke hole of the Moți houses in Frâncu and Candrea.^[3][2]

Meanings

Noun

1. An opening made in the roof of a country house to let the smoke of the stoves out; hogeag, bageac.^[4][3]
2. (regional, Transylvania) A chimney flue.^[7]

Related words

• fum
• Latin fūmārium

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. fumar
3. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 951
4. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1, 418
5. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București, p. s.v. fumar
6. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3568
7. ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. fum
8. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. fumar
9. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. fumarium