farmacie

Forms

farmacie f (plural farmacii)^[1] Tiktin records an obsolete form fărmăcie.^[2]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French pharmacie, with Latin pharmacia as a second source in DEX 2009, MDA2 and NODEX.^[3][4][5] Tiktin names French and Italian farmacia, and Scriban adds the Greek word.^[2][6] The French word is the Greek-style respelling (1579) of Old French farmacie (1314), a borrowing of the Late Latin medical term, meaning the whole stock of drugs.^[7] The Latin word comes from Ancient Greek φαρμακεία (pharmakeía, “the use of drugs or poisons”), from φάρμακον (phármakon, “drug, remedy, charm”).^[7][1]

The same Greek word gave the much older farmec (charm, spell), which Scriban refers to.^[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1829, in the periodical Albina românească, with the sense “apothecary's shop”.^[2] MDA2's first record is a 1949 collection of laws, a later date.^[4]

Semantic evolution

The word replaced older names for the apothecary's shop: Costinescu in 1870 glossed it with apotică and spițerie, and MDA2 still lists spițerie (old, now colloquial), apotecă and potică (regional) as synonyms.^[8][4] Costinescu already gave both the art of preparing medicines and the place where they are prepared and sold.^[8] Șăineanu (1929) and CADE (1931) add the profession of pharmacist and a household medicine chest.^[9][10] The modern dictionaries define the science and the shop;^[3][4][11] DEX 2009 puts the science first, and MDA2 and DEXI record the branches farmacie chimică and farmacie galenică.^[3][4][11]

Timeline

• 1829 – the first record, in Albina românească.^[2]
• 1870 – Costinescu glosses it with apotică and spițerie.^[8]
• 1929 – four senses in Șăineanu, including a collection of medicines.^[9]
• 1931 – CADE adds the sense “medicine chest”.^[10]
• 1949 – the first record in MDA2, in a collection of economic laws.^[4]

Meanings

Noun

1. pharmacy: the science of preparing, storing, testing and dispensing medicines.^[3][4]
2. A chemist's shop or drugstore, where medicines are kept, sold and sometimes prepared; spițerie, potică: Farmacia din colț e deschisă non-stop.^[3][5]

Word family

• farmacist

Related words

• farmec
• French pharmacie

Usage notes

Farmacie chimică is the branch that studies the preparation and properties of chemical drugs, farmacie galenică the branch that prepares raw medicinal materials.^[4][11]

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. farmacie
3. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 381
4. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 877
5. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. farmacie
6. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 493
7. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
8. ^ a b c Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 1, 423
9. ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 244
10. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. farmacie
11. ^ a b c Dima, Eugenia (coord.) (2007), Dicționar explicativ ilustrat al limbii române, Chișinău: Arc / Gunivas, p. s.v. farmacie