echipaj

Forms

echipaj n (plural echipaje)^[1] The first record has a feminine ecvipajă; old texts also have ecuipaj, ecuipagiu, ecvipaj and ecvipajie, and echipagiu survived into the 20th century.^[2][3] Negulici writes „echipagiu-i de artist” “his artist's outfit”.^[4] Eminescu has the old plural echipajuri beside echipaje.^[5]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French équipage, the source that DEX, DN, MDN, MDA2 and Tiktin name.^{[6][7][8][3][9]} DN compares Italian equipaggio, and DELR and the DLR have it come also through German Equipage and the Italian word.^[7][2][4] The French noun is formed on équiper (“to equip”) with the suffix -age.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's first record is of 1812, the variant ecvipajă in a legal collection, with the sense of a luxury carriage;^[2][9] Tiktin also dates it to 1812.^[2][9] MDA2 cites it first from the travels of the monk Chiriac of Secu, in the 1937 edition, where it means the equipment of an army on campaign.^[3][4]

Semantic evolution

The early senses were those of 18th-century French: an army's equipment and baggage, and a luxury carriage with its horses and servants.^[4][9] The equipment sense was displaced by echipament.^[9] The naval sense, a ship's crew, is recorded from 1829, and spread to the crews of aircraft and tanks.^[2][6] The carriage sense lasted into the early 20th century and is now out of use.^[10][6]

Later senses include a team of athletes aboard a boat, a bobsleigh or a motorcycle, a fixed or moving part of an instrument, a group of pupils competing for their school, recorded in 1979, and an emergency crew with its vehicle.^[6][11] The verb echipa is recorded from 1840.^[2]

Timeline

• 1812 – ecvipajă “luxury carriage”, the first record.^[2][9]
• 1829 – the naval sense “crew”.^[2]
• 1830 – echipajuri “equipment” for the infantry, artillery and cavalry.^[4]
• 1840 – the verb echipa.^[2]
• 1979 – a team of pupils in a school contest.^[11]

Meanings

Noun

1. crew: all the people who run and serve a ship, an aircraft, a tank and the like.^[6][3]
2. (sport) The team aboard a boat, an aircraft, a bobsleigh or a motorcycle who take part in steering it.^[6]
3. A team of pupils representing their school in a contest; an emergency team with its vehicle.^[8][11]
4. (technology) The fixed or the moving part of an instrument.^[6][7]
5. (obsolete) A luxury carriage with its horses.^[6][3]
6. (obsolete) Equipment.^[3]

Related words

• echipa
• echipament
• French équipage

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. echipa
3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 781
4. ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. echipaj
5. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 194
6. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 340
7. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. echipaj
8. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. echipaj
9. ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. echipaj
10. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. echipaj
11. ^ a b c Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE), p. s.v. echipaj