durere

Forms

durere f (plural dureri)^[1]

Etymology

It is the long infinitive of the verb used as a noun, formed from Romanian durea + -re.^[2][3][1][4] The verb is from Latin doleō (“to hurt, feel pain”).^[3][2] MDA2 instead derives the noun from Latin dolor (“pain”), which Ciorănescu and Tiktin take as the source of the old duroare.^[5][2][4] The same formation exists in Aromanian: Aromanian dureari.^[3][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

The plural dureri is in Psalm 106:39 of the Voroneț psalter (c. 1551–1558); DELR's first record is the Codex Bratul of 1559–1560.^[7][3] It meant physical pain and also grief.^[5][4]

Semantic evolution

The noun covers both physical suffering and sorrow.^[8] Folk speech made names for illnesses with it, such as durere de șale “lumbago”, and in Oltenia it has the sense “longing”.^[5] In Transylvania cu durere is used as an adverb, “unfortunately, with regret”, which MDA2 explains as modelled on German leider.^[5] In the old language durere also meant “toil”.^[5]

Timeline

• c. 1551–1558 – dureri in the Voroneț psalter.^[7]
• 1559–1560 – durere in the Codex Bratul.^[3]
• c. 1573–1578 – durerea in the Psaltirea Scheiană.^[9][5]
• 1688 – „De rana cea cu dureri vindeca-te-voiu” “I will heal you of your painful wound” in the Bucharest Bible (Jeremiah 30:14).^[4]
• 1786 – the adjective dureros “painful”.^[3]

Meanings

Noun

1. pain, ache: physical suffering;^[8][1][4] durere de cap “headache”.^[8][1][4]
2. (figurative) sorrow, grief, mental suffering;^[8][1] cu durere “sadly”.^[8][1]

Word family

• dureros

Related words

• durea
• duroare
• îndurera
• Aromanian dureari

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. durea
3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. durea
4. ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. durere
5. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 776
6. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 422
7. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 106:39
8. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 337
9. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 89:11