echipament

Forms

echipament n (plural echipamente)^[1] Besides the plural echipamente, an older plural echipamenturi is recorded.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French équipement (“equipment”).^{[4][5][2][6][1]} The French noun is formed équiper (“to equip”) with the suffix -ment.^[1] In Romanian it belongs with the verb echipa and the noun echipă, both taken from French in the 19th century.^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's first record is from the newspaper Zimbrul of 1858, with the sense of the clothing and gear with which a person, above all a soldier, is fitted out.^[4] The Academy dictionary quotes it from Eminescu, on convicts made to produce munitions and equipment for the German army.^[6]

Semantic evolution

The first sense was military: everything that served to arm and clothe soldiers.^[7][8] The CADE of 1931 adds a naval sense, everything needed to work, feed and arm a ship.^[9] The sense widened to the outfit of a sportsman, a hiker or a diver, and in the 20th century to the technical sense, the parts and devices of a machine or installation.^[5][3]

Timeline

• 1858 – echipament in Zimbrul.^[4]
• 1883 – the noun echipă “team”.^[4]
• 1900 – listed in Barcianu's Romanian–German dictionary.^[2]
• 1912 – coechipier “team-mate”.^[4]

Meanings

Noun

1. The clothing, footwear and gear with which a soldier, an athlete, a hiker, a diver and the like is fitted out.^[5][2][1]
2. The set of parts, devices, apparatus and machines that serve a technical system;^[5][10] echipament de bord the onboard instruments of an aircraft.^[5][10]

Related words

• echipa
• echipă
• echipaj
• French équipement

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 781
3. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. echipament
4. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. echipa
5. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 340
6. ^ a b Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. echipament
7. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 226
8. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 458
9. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. echipament
10. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. echipament