duroare

Forms

duroare f (plural durori)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin dolor (“pain”), in its accusative form, the view of Pușcariu, the REW, DELR, the DLR and MDA2.^{[2][3][4][5][6]} The Latin noun was formed on doleō (“to hurt”).^[1] Ciorănescu notes that it also survives in Aromanian.^[3] Its Romance cognates include Italian dolore, French douleur, Spanish dolor and Portuguese dor.^[7][4]

In modern Romanian the word for pain is durere, formed on the verb durea.^[3] The old adjective dururos “painful” (1682) is either Latin dolōrōsus or a derivative of the noun itself.^[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first records are in Coresi's psalter of 1570: „Ținură-mă durorile morției” “the pains of death held me” (Psalm 17).^[8][2][5]

Semantic evolution

The word meant both bodily pain and grief.^[5] It was common in the religious texts of the 17th century: the New Testament of 1648 has „începăturile durorilor” “the beginnings of sorrows”, and the Bible of 1688 uses it dozens of times, most often in the plural durori.^[5][9] DLRLV records it in Moldavia, Banat, Crișana and Transylvania.^[10]

It then gave way to durere and became obsolete, but in the 20th century it was still recorded in Crișana, around Sibiu and Buzău, in Banat and among Romanians in Bulgaria and Hungary.^[2] In Banat the plural durori came to mean “gout, rheumatism”, a sense already recorded in old Banat glossaries, which gloss it with Latin podagra.^[10][7][11]

Timeline

• 1570 – durorile in Coresi's psalter, the first record.^[8][2]
• 1573 – durori in the Ciobanu psalter.^[12]
• 1648 – durorilor in the New Testament of 1648.^[5]
• 1682 – duroare in Dosoftei's lives of the saints;^[6][2] dururos “painful” in the same work.^[6][2]
• 1688 – some 35 instances of durori in the Bucharest Bible.^[9]

Meanings

Noun

1. (obsolete) pain, ache.^[5][6][1]
2. (obsolete) Grief, suffering.^[5][10]
3. (regional, Banat, in the plural) gout, rheumatism.^[10][13][14]

Related words

• durere
• durea
• dureros
• Latin dolor

Usage notes

MDA2 also records the variant doroare.^[6] Șăineanu cites the Banat name of a plant used against rheumatism, iarbă de durori.^[11]

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. durea
3. ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. durea
4. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 2724
5. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. duroare
6. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 776
7. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 456
8. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 17:5
9. ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Mark 13:8
10. ^ a b c d Costinescu, Mariana; Georgescu, Magdalena; Zgraon, Florentina (1987), Dicționarul limbii române literare vechi (1640–1780): termeni regionali, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 1, 123
11. ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 225
12. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 106:39
13. ^ Bulgăr, Gheorghe; Constantinescu-Dobridor, Gheorghe (2002), Dicționar de arhaisme și regionalisme, 2 vols., București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. duroare
14. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. duroare