condamnare

Forms

condamnare f (plural condamnări)^[1]

Etymology

It is the long infinitive of condamna, formed from Romanian condamna + -re.^[2][1][3][4] The verb is from French condamner, recorded from 1789, with a Moldavian variant condemna remodelled on Latin.^[5] French borrowed it from Latin condemnō (“to condemn”), formed on damnō (“to sentence”), from damnum (“loss, damage”).^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the noun to 1848, in Negulici's dictionary of neologisms.^[3] Costinescu's dictionary of 1870 glosses it with the native osândi “to sentence”, and Damé (1893) gives it as a noun with the plural condamnări, French condamnation.^[6][7]

Semantic evolution

The legal sense, a sentence pronounced by a court, came first, followed by the penalty imposed.^[8][4] Civil law uses it for an obligation imposed by a judgment to give, do or refrain from something.^[4][9] The general sense “severe disapproval, censure” follows the verb's “to blame”.^[2][3] The noun competed in the 19th century with condamnație and condamnațiune, borrowed from French condamnation.^[5]

Timeline

• 1789 – the verb condamna, in a legal text.^[5]
• 1848 – condamnare in Negulici's dictionary.^[3]
• 1848 – condamnabil and condamnat, also in Negulici.^[5]
• 1858 – condamnație, the rival noun.^[5]
• 1893 – the noun with the plural condamnări in Damé's dictionary.^[7]

Meanings

Noun

1. (law) A court's sentence imposing a criminal penalty; the penalty itself: condamnare la închisoare “prison sentence”.^[4][9][2]
2. (civil law) An obligation imposed on someone by a judgment to give, to do or not to do something.^[4]
3. Severe disapproval; censure, blame.^[4][2]

Related words

• condamna
• condamnabil
• osândă

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 481
3. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. condamnare
4. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 218
5. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. condamna
6. ^ Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 1, 228
7. ^ a b Damé, Frédéric (1893–1895), Nouveau dictionnaire roumain-français, 4 vols., Bucarest: Imprimerie de l'État, p. 1
8. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 156
9. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne