concediu

Forms

concediu n (plural concedii)^[1] Older and popular forms include congediu, congedie, concetie and concet;^[2][3] Sadoveanu has o leacă de concetie “a bit of leave”.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Italian congedo (“leave, permission to depart”) according to DELR, Tiktin and the DA.^[4][5][2] MDA2 and Wiktionary name both Italian and French congé, while DEX, NODEX and the DILF compare or derive it from the French word alone.^[3][1][6][7] CADE and DLRM take it from French, reshaped after the verb concede.^[8][9] Marcu instead treats it as a back-formation from concedia, modelled on the French noun.^[10]

The Italian word is borrowed from Old French congiet, the ancestor of the French word, and goes back to Latin commeātus (“leave to go, furlough”), from commeō (“to go to and fro, travel”), formed on meō (“to pass, go”).^[4][11][12] Italian has had it since the 14th century, with “leave given to employees” from 1878.^[13]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR and Tiktin date it to 1832, DELR under the variant congedie.^[4][5] Its first senses are leave granted to an official or soldier, and, in law, the notice by which a landlord asks a tenant to leave, a French-modelled sense.^[4][2] MDA2 dates it to Stamati's dictionary of 1851, which glosses it with the native slobozenie.^[3][2]

Semantic evolution

The DA quotes Negruzzi's cerându-și concediu “asking for leave” to visit his parents, and the form congediu in the review Contemporanul.^[2][14] Șăineanu's dictionary of 1929 has both the leave and the notice to vacate a house.^[15] The legal sense has gone out of use, and the word now means the paid time off that employees are entitled to by law.^[6][3] Prison slang uses it for a term in jail.^[16]

The verb concedia “to dismiss” is recorded from 1844, borrowed from French congédier.^[4]

Timeline

• 1832 – congedie, the first record.^[4][5]
• 1844 – the verb congedia, later concedia, in Bălcescu.^[4]
• 1851 – in Stamati's dictionary.^[3]
• 1929 – Șăineanu gives leave and the notice to vacate a house.^[15]
• 1936 – the noun concediat “dismissal”.^[4]

Meanings

Noun

1. leave, holiday: a fixed period in which employees are excused by law from work and keep their pay: concediu de odihnă “annual leave”.^[6][3][1]
2. concediu medical: sick leave.^[6][3]
3. (obsolete) Permission to be absent;^[3] a-și lua concediu “to take one's leave”.^[3]
4. (obsolete, law) Notice to quit a rented house or flat, given by the landlord or the tenant.^[2][15]
5. (prison slang) A term in jail.^[16]

Related words

• French congé

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. concédiu
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 478
4. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. concédiu
5. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. concédiu
6. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1, 215
7. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. concediu
8. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. concediu
9. ^ Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. concediu
10. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. concediu
11. ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
12. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
13. ^ Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
14. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 512
15. ^ a b c Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 154
16. ^ a b Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu, p. s.v. concediu