comunist

Forms

comunist m or n (feminine singular comunistă, masculine plural comuniști, feminine/neuter plural comuniste)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French communiste, as DEX, MDA2, DN, MDN, DILF and Tiktin give it.^{[2][3][4][5][6][7]} The French word is formed from commun (“common”) and -iste.^[1] In Romanian it can also be analysed as comun with the suffix -ist, and Scriban derived it from that adjective.^[1][8]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1857.^[7] MDA2's first record is a letter in Ion Ghica's Amintiri din pribegia după 1848, which it quotes from the edition of 1889.^[3] Antonescu's French dictionary of 1875 spells it communistu.^[9]

Semantic evolution

In the 19th century the word named a follower of communist doctrine;^[10][8] Barcianu (1886) glosses it in German as “the enemy of property, communist”, and Scriban gives Babeuf as an example.^[10][8] Șăineanu (1929) defines it as a partisan of the Commune or of communism.^[11] In the dictionaries of the 1950s the noun means a member of a Marxist-Leninist party and a fighter for communism;^[12][2] DEX now has a member of a communist party and a person with communist convictions.^[12][2]

Timeline

• 1857 – first record.^[7]
• 1875 – communistu in Antonescu's dictionary.^[9]
• 1886 – Barcianu: “the enemy of property”.^[10]
• 1889 – in the edition of Ion Ghica's letters, MDA2's first record.^[3]
• 1929 – Șăineanu: a partisan of the Commune or of communism.^[11]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Of or relating to comunism, based on or typical of it: partid comunist.^[2][3]

Noun

1. A member of a communist party.^[2][3]
2. A person with communist convictions.^[2]

Related words

• comunism
• comun

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 215
3. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 477
4. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. comunist
5. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. comunist
6. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. comunist
7. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. comunist
8. ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 326
9. ^ a b Antonescu, G. M. (1875), Dictionariu romanu-francesu, Bucuresci: Typografia Curții (Lucrători Associați), p. 54
10. ^ a b c Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 124
11. ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 154
12. ^ a b Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. comunist