Etymology and origin of the Romanian word căpețel
- Confidence
- Disputed
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1688 Bucharest Bible More words from the 17th century
- Inherited from
- Latin capitellum
- Ultimate origin
- Latin caput
Etymology tree
Derivations
From the same root
Forms
căpețel n (plural căpețele)[1] The variant căpățel occurs for the funeral loaf.[2][3]
Etymology
DEX, MDA2, the DA and Wiktionary take it as inherited from Late Latin capitellum (“little head”), a diminutive of caput (“head”).[4][3][2][1] The REW lists the Romanian word under that etymon with Italian capitello “knob”, Occitan capdel and Spanish caudillo “leader”.[5] The neologism capitel is a doublet of it.[2]
Ciorănescu derives it instead from capăt with the diminutive suffix -el, whose sense fits better, and DELR gives both views.[6][7] The CADE forms it on Latin capitium with the same suffix, and the DA derives the bridle word căpețea the same way.[8][9]
Earliest recorded meaning
The first record is the Bucharest Bible of 1688 (Exodus 38:28), where the word means the capital of a column.[10][3][7] The same Bible has „Întru căpețele de carte scrisu-s-au pentru mine” “in the beginning of the book it is written of me”, which the DA files here.[2][11]
Semantic evolution
The column and book senses are those of the 1688 Bible only.[2][3] The living senses are “a little remaining piece”, especially the stub of a candle, as in Eminescu's „căpețelul de lumânare” “the candle-end”, and the bread of the memorial services for the dead.[2][12][4] In Muscel a căpețel was made of a loaf with colivă, a communion bread and a candle; elsewhere it is a round loaf taken to the priest at three days, nine days, six weeks and every year after a death.[2] In Muntenia the word also names the alms given at the funeral and the colivă itself (căpețel fiert).[13]
Timeline
- 1688 – căpețel “capital of a column” in the Bucharest Bible, the first record.[10][7]
- 1931 – the CADE records the funeral loaf in Oltenia and Banat.[8]
Meanings
Noun
- A small piece of something, especially the stub of a burnt-down candle.[4][12][1]
- (Orthodox Church) A round colac taken to church at the services in memory of the dead.[4][1]
- (obsolete) The beginning of a book; the capital of a column.[3][2]
Related words
Usage notes
DELR records a separate Oltenian căpețel “small trough”, of 1931, formed on căpăț.[14] MDA2 also gives căpețel as a variant of căpețeală, the bridle word.[3]
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. căpețel
- ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 326
- ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 158
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 1636
- ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. cap
- ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. cap
- ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. căpețel
- ^ Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. căpețea
- ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Exodus 38:28
- ^ Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. căpețea
- ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 365
- ^ Marin, Maria; Mărgărit, Iulia, Glosar dialectal. Muntenia, București: Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti”, p. 73
- ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. căpăț
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Căpețel.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/c%C4%83pe%C8%9Bel. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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