Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word căpețel

Confidence
Disputed
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1688 Bucharest Bible More words from the 17th century
Inherited from
Latin capitellum
Ultimate origin
Latin caput
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin caput
Aromanian cap
Italian capo
Romanian cap
Spanish cabo
Latin capitellum
French chapiteau
Romanian căpețel
Italian capitello
Derivations
From the same root
Latin biceps ← caput
Latin capitālis ← caput
Latin capitāneus ← caput
Latin capitulum ← caput
Latin -ceps ← caput
Latin praeceps ← caput
Latin sinciput ← caput
Spanish capuzar ← caput
English caprice ← capo
Romanian capăt ← cap
Romanian căpățână ← cap
English cadet ← capitellum

Forms

căpețel n (plural căpețele)[1] The variant căpățel occurs for the funeral loaf.[2][3]

Etymology

DEX, MDA2, the DA and Wiktionary take it as inherited from Late Latin capitellum (“little head”), a diminutive of caput (“head”).[4][3][2][1] The REW lists the Romanian word under that etymon with Italian capitello “knob”, Occitan capdel and Spanish caudillo “leader”.[5] The neologism capitel is a doublet of it.[2]

Ciorănescu derives it instead from capăt with the diminutive suffix -el, whose sense fits better, and DELR gives both views.[6][7] The CADE forms it on Latin capitium with the same suffix, and the DA derives the bridle word căpețea the same way.[8][9]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is the Bucharest Bible of 1688 (Exodus 38:28), where the word means the capital of a column.[10][3][7] The same Bible has „Întru căpețele de carte scrisu-s-au pentru mine” “in the beginning of the book it is written of me”, which the DA files here.[2][11]

Semantic evolution

The column and book senses are those of the 1688 Bible only.[2][3] The living senses are “a little remaining piece”, especially the stub of a candle, as in Eminescu's „căpețelul de lumânare” “the candle-end”, and the bread of the memorial services for the dead.[2][12][4] In Muscel a căpețel was made of a loaf with colivă, a communion bread and a candle; elsewhere it is a round loaf taken to the priest at three days, nine days, six weeks and every year after a death.[2] In Muntenia the word also names the alms given at the funeral and the colivă itself (căpețel fiert).[13]

Timeline

  • 1688 – căpețel “capital of a column” in the Bucharest Bible, the first record.[10][7]
  • 1931 – the CADE records the funeral loaf in Oltenia and Banat.[8]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A small piece of something, especially the stub of a burnt-down candle.[4][12][1]
  2. (Orthodox Church) A round colac taken to church at the services in memory of the dead.[4][1]
  3. (obsolete) The beginning of a book; the capital of a column.[3][2]

Usage notes

DELR records a separate Oltenian căpețel “small trough”, of 1931, formed on căpăț.[14] MDA2 also gives căpețel as a variant of căpețeală, the bridle word.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. căpețel
  3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 326
  4. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 158
  5. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 1636
  6. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. cap
  7. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. cap
  8. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. căpețel
  9. ^ Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. căpețea
  10. ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Exodus 38:28
  11. ^ Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. căpețea
  12. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 365
  13. ^ Marin, Maria; Mărgărit, Iulia, Glosar dialectal. Muntenia, București: Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti”, p. 73
  14. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. căpăț

Related etymologies

  • apă · also from Latin
  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Căpețel.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/c%C4%83pe%C8%9Bel. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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