Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word căpăstru

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1508 More words from the 16th century
Inherited from
Latin capistrum
Ultimate origin
Latin capistrum
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin capiō
Italian capire
Spanish caber
Latin capistrum
Romanian căpăstru
From the same root
Italian percepire ← capiō
Latin accipiō ← capiō
Latin antecapiō ← capiō
Latin anticipō ← capiō
Latin capābilis ← capiō
Latin capāx ← capiō
Latin capessō ← capiō
Latin captiō ← capiō
Latin captō ← capiō
Latin captor ← capiō
Latin captus ← capiō
Latin capulum ← capiō
Latin capulus ← capiō
Latin -ceps ← capiō
Latin concipiō ← capiō
Latin dēcipiō ← capiō
Latin excipiō ← capiō
Latin forceps ← capiō
Latin incipiō ← capiō
Latin intercapedo ← capiō
Latin intercipiō ← capiō
Latin nuncupō ← capiō
Latin occipio ← capiō
Latin percipiō ← capiō
Latin praecipiō ← capiō
Latin praecipuus ← capiō
Latin recipiō ← capiō
Latin suscipiō ← capiō
Spanish captura ← capiō
Spanish concebir ← capiō
See all derived words →

Forms

căpăstru n (plural căpestre)[1] The old form was căpestru, as in Vasile Lupu's Moldavian law code: „Muiarea să tragă măgariul de dârlogul căpestrului” “the woman shall pull the donkey by the lead of its halter”.[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin capistrum (“halter, headstall”), a word that survives across the Romance languages.[4][5][3][6] It survives in all four branches: Aromanian cãpestru, Megleno-Romanian căpestru and Istro-Romanian căpestru.[5][4][7] Ciorănescu compares Italian capestro, Occitan cabestre, Catalan cabestre, French chevêtre, Spanish cabestro and Portuguese cabresto, and also Albanian kapistrë.[5]

The Latin noun is probably formed on capiō (“to take, seize”) with the instrument suffix -trum.[8][1] An old alternative derives it from caput (“head”);[9] Nocentini notes that the question is open and leans to the verb.[9]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR dates the word to 1508, with the sense “halter”.[4] A Slavonic–Romanian lexicon of about 1660–1670 has the articled form căpăstrul.[10] The Bucharest Bible of 1688 has it four times, as in „Pune-voiu căpăstru prejur nasul lui” “I will put a halter around his nose”.[11][2]

Semantic evolution

The halter is the central sense: a rope or strap put on the head of a horse or donkey to tie it to the manger or lead it.[12][2] A figurative use is a duce pe cineva de căpăstru “to lead someone by the nose”, and a proverb says „Calul fără căpăstru cade în prăpăstii” “a horse without a halter falls into the ravine”.[13][2] By analogy millers named a part of the mill's hopper căpăstru.[2][13][14] MDA2 also records a long basket for carrying food to the field.[3] Fishermen use it for a rope loop at the end of a boat.[15]

The verb căpăstra “to put on a halter”, dated by DELR to 1822, may continue capistrō directly, as Candrea and Densusianu and the REW hold.[4][5] Ciorănescu and Candrea note that Ukrainian borrowed the Romanian word as kapestra.[5][16]

Timeline

  • 1508 – first record.[4]
  • c. 1660–1670 – căpăstrul in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[10]
  • 1688 – four times in the Bucharest Bible.[11]
  • 1801 – Klein glosses it with Latin capistrum.[17]
  • 1822 – the verb căpăstra.[4]
  • 1825 – încăpăstra “to put the halter on”.[4]
  • 1871 – the diminutive căpestrel.[4]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A halter: a rope or strap put on the head of a horse, a donkey and the like, to tie it to the manger or lead it.[12][3][1]
  2. (milling) A part of the mill's teică, also called întinzător or strunea.[3][13]
  3. (regional) A long basket for carrying food to the fields.[3]

Word family

  • căpăstra
  • căpăstraș
  • căpăstrui
  • căpestreală
  • căpestrel
  • încăpăstra

References

  1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. căpăstru
  3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 325
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. căpăstru
  5. ^ a b c d e Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. căpăstru
  6. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 1631
  7. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne
  8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  9. ^ a b Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier, p. s.v. capestro
  10. ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. căpăstrul
  11. ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Isaiah 37:29
  12. ^ a b DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 158
  13. ^ a b c Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. căpăstru
  14. ^ Damé, Frédéric (1898), Încercare de terminologie poporană română, București: Stabilimentul Grafic I. V. Socecu, p. 154
  15. ^ Stati, Vasile (2003), Dicționar moldovenesc-românesc, Chișinău, p. 51
  16. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București, p. 42
  17. ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 325

Related etymologies

  • apă · also from Latin
  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Căpăstru.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/c%C4%83p%C4%83stru. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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