Etymology and origin of the Romanian word cădere
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Derivation
- First attested
- c. 1500–1520 Psaltirea Hurmuzaki More words from the 15th century
- Ultimate origin
- Latin cadō
From the same root
Forms
cădere f (plural căderi)[1]
Etymology
It is formed from Romanian cădea + -re, the long infinitive of cădea “to fall” used as a noun.[2][3][4][5][1] The verb is inherited from the Latin infinitive cadēre (“to fall”), with ⟨ē⟩ for the classical short vowel.[2] The long infinitive also lives south of the Danube: Aromanian cădeare and Megleno-Romanian cădeari.[2]
Earliest recorded meaning
The first record is in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century, at Psalm 143:17.[6] Tiktin cites it from the Psaltirea Scheiană, Psalm 105:29, and MDA2 from Coresi's Psalter of 1577.[4][3] In the old texts of Gaster's chrestomathy it means “fall”, and also “sin”, a fall from grace.[7]
Semantic evolution
Beside the physical fall, the noun took figurative senses: the fall of a city or a government, the collapse of an empire and the failure of a play.[8][9][10] Căderea Rinului “the Rhine Falls” shows the sense “waterfall”, and cădere de apă is both a waterfall and the drop in level of a stream.[9][5] Physics and medicine use cădere de potențial and cădere de tensiune.[5]
Some old senses have gone: the Lexicon of Buda of 1825 gives it as the grammatical term “case”, which CADE still lists as obsolete.[11][10] Like the reflexive se cade “it is fitting”, the noun meant “propriety, what is due” and “right, entitlement”.[4][2] The last survives in nu e în căderea lui “it is not within his competence”.[5][4] An obsolete phrase cădere de mas meant a resting place, and in the Menaion of 1776 a brothel.[4]
Timeline
- c. 1500–1520 – the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, the first record.[6]
- c. 1573–1578 – the Psaltirea Scheiană.[4]
- 1577 – Coresi's Psalter.[3]
- 1682 – the derivative cădință “propriety; privilege”.[2]
- 1688 – the plural căderi in the Bucharest Bible.[12]
- 1776 – cădere de mas “brothel” in a Menaion.[4]
- 1825 – “grammatical case” in the Lexicon of Buda.[11]
Meanings
Noun
- A fall, a downward movement under gravity;[5][3] cădere de apă, a waterfall or the drop in level of a stream; also the sagging of something still partly held, or the prolapse of an organ.[5][3]
- (physics, medicine) A drop in a quantity between two points or below the normal: cădere de tensiune.[5]
- The coming away of a part of an organism: căderea părului.[5][4]
- The overturning of a body; a collapse.[5]
- (figurative) The capture of a city or the overthrow of a government: căderea Troiei.[5][8]
- (figurative) Failure, lack of success.[5]
- Competence, right: Nu e în căderea mea să decid.[5][4]
Related words
References
- ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. cădea
- ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 317
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. cădere
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 155
- ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 143:17
- ^ Gaster, M. (1891), Chrestomatie română: texte tipărite și manuscrise (sec. XVI–XIX), dialectale și populare, cu o introducere, gramatică și un glosar româno-francez, vol. II, Leipzig: Brockhaus / București: Socec, p. s.v. cădere
- ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 243
- ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 89
- ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. cădere
- ^ a b Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 81
- ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Ps 109:7
Cite this entry
“Cădere.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/c%C4%83dere. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
Last edited on . ·