cadă

Forms

cadă f (plural căzi)^[1] Besides the usual plural căzi, MDA2 records a rare plural cade.^[2]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic кадь (kadĭ), according to DEX, MDA2, Tiktin and DELR.^[3][2][4][5] The Slavonic word comes from Ancient Greek κάδος (kádos, “jar, bucket”), which also gave Bulgarian каца (kaca) and Hungarian kád.^[5][6][7]

A Latin origin has also been proposed: Latin cada, a feminine made from the plural of cadus (“wine jar”), itself from the same Greek word.^[6][5][8] Pușcariu took it as a late Latin loan of the eastern provinces, comparing southern Italian forms, and the DA left both paths open.^[5] Ciorănescu thinks it may have entered by several routes, and also cites Conev's view that it came from Bulgarian.^[6] It has an Aromanian counterpart, Aromanian cadã, and Albanian kadë is a cognate.^[6][9]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin and DELR date the first record to 1626, a document of the Documenta Romaniae Historica collection.^[4][5] MDA2 cites the Latin–Romanian glossary of the Anonymus Caransebesiensis, of about 1650, which glosses kadĕ with Latin cadus.^[2][10]

Semantic evolution

The old sense is a large wooden vat of staves bound with hoops, used for making wine and brandy; in Moldavia, the vat in which grapes are gathered.^[4][11][2] Folk poetry speaks of „vin de cel ce fierbe-n cadă” “the wine that ferments in the vat”.^[4][12] The bathtub sense came later, and DEX now lists it first.^[4][3] A large open vessel used in industrial processes is a third modern sense.^[3]

A cooper who made vats was a cădar, recorded about 1650, from kádár or formed on cadă.^[5]

Timeline

• 1626 – the first record, in a document.^[4][5]
• c. 1650 – kadĕ, glossed cadus, in the Anonymus Caransebesiensis.^[2][10]
• c. 1650 – cădar “maker of vats”.^[5]
• 1757 – cade “vats” in a text quoted by DLRLV.^[10]
• 1822 – the diminutive căduță.^[5]
• 1825 – cădișoară and căduliță.^[5]
• 1895 – cădiță and cădățuie.^[5]

Meanings

Noun

1. bathtub, a large vessel for bathing.^[3][1]
2. A large open vessel of wood, metal or concrete, holding liquids used in industrial processes; a vat.^[3]
3. A large tub of staves used in making wine or brandy.^[3][2]

Word family

• cădar
• cădări
• cădățuie
• cădișoară
• căduliță
• căduță

Related words

• baie
• Aromanian cadã

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 273
3. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 131
4. ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. cadă
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. cadă
6. ^ a b c d Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. cadă
7. ^ Georgiev, Vladimir I. et al. (eds.) (1971–), Bălgarski etimologičen rečnik, Sofija: Izdatelstvo na Bălgarskata akademija na naukite, p. 2, 285
8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
9. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 224
10. ^ a b c Costinescu, Mariana; Georgescu, Magdalena; Zgraon, Florentina (1987), Dicționarul limbii române literare vechi (1640–1780): termeni regionali, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 1, 92
11. ^ Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. cadă
12. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 310