barman

Forms

barman m (plural barmani, feminine equivalent barmaniță)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from English barman, a loan of the 20th century.^[2][1][3][4] DELR, DEX, DILF, NODEX and MDN give borrowed from French barman as a second source.^{[2][5][6][7][8]} DELR lists it in the family of bar “bar, drinking place”.^[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's first record is from 1933, in a source it abbreviates Nom. prof., with the sense “person who serves drinks at a bar”.^[2] MDA2 cites it only from the DEX of 1998.^[4]

Semantic evolution

DN, in 1986, put “owner of a bar” first and the person serving at the bar second;^[3][5] DEX has the opposite order.^[3][5] The feminine barmaniță is recorded from 1980.^[2] Job advertisements of 2003 ask for barmani-ospătari “barmen-waiters”.^[9] Two newer loans name related trades: bartender “professional barman”, from English in 2007, and barista, from Italian in 2010.^[2]

Timeline

• 1933 – the first record.^[2]
• 1980 – the feminine barmaniță.^[2]
• 1986 – DN defines it as the owner of a bar and the person serving at it.^[3]
• 2003 – the compound barman-ospătar in job advertisements.^[9]
• 2007 – bartender.^[2]
• 2010 – barista.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. A person who serves drinks at a bar; a bartender.^[5][1]
2. The owner of a bar.^[5][3]

Word family

• barmaniță

Related words

• bar
• bartender
• barista

Usage notes

The feminine is barmaniță;^[1][3][8] DN and MDN also give barmană.^[2][1][3][8]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. bar
3. ^ a b c d e f g Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. barman
4. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 166
5. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 90
6. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. barman
7. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. barman
8. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. barman
9. ^ a b Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE), p. s.v. barman