arboret

Forms

arboret n (plural arboreturi)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin arborētum (“plantation of trees”), a learned loan, or a collective formed from Romanian arbore + -et:^[2][3][4] DELR gives both, and the DA calls it a recent collective modelled on old words such as făget and brădet.^[2][5] The Latin word is arbor (“tree”) with the suffix -ētum (“grove”).^[1][6] Wiktionary takes the forestry sense as inherited.^[1] The Latin word was inherited south of the Danube as Aromanian arburet (“oak forest”), which the DA compares.^[7][5] Marcu's dictionary of neologisms gives the Latin word and French arboretum.^[8]

The nautical sense “topmast” has a separate source in Tiktin, DELR and Wiktionary: Italian alberetto, influenced by the word for “mast”;^[9][2][1] Marcu and Maneca give arboretto for both senses, and Scriban a Romanian derivative modelled on Italian.^[10][11]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR and Tiktin date the first record to Bobb's dictionary of 1822, where Tiktin gives the sense “stand of trees”.^[2][9] MDA2 and the DA quote it from Petre Antonescu's work on forest management (1903), for the trees of one kind growing together on a stretch of forest.^[4][5]

Semantic evolution

In forestry the word names a part of a forest whose trees are of one species, age and growth, set apart from the rest.^[3][12] Marcu's dictionary adds a plot planted with many species of trees and shrubs for study.^[8] The derivative subarboret, the shrubs growing under such a stand, is recorded from 1904.^[2]

The nautical sense, the upper part of a mast, is recorded from 1909.^[2] Tiktin lists the parts: arboretul mare “main topgallant mast” and arboretul trinchetului “fore topgallant mast”.^[9]

Timeline

• 1822 – Bobb's dictionary, the first record.^[2][9]
• 1903 – Petre Antonescu, of forest stands.^[4][5]
• 1904 – subarboret in the Enciclopedia română.^[2]
• 1909 – “upper part of a mast”.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. (forestry) A stand: a part of a forest with uniform trees, set apart from the forest around it.^[3][4][1]
2. (nautical) The upper part of a mast, the topmast.^[3][4][1]

Word family

• subarboret

Related words

• arbore
• Aromanian arburet

Usage notes

Wiktionary treats the two senses as two words, the forestry term from Latin arborētum and the nautical one from Italian alberetto;^[1][2][3][4] DELR has two headwords too, while DEX and MDA2 give one.^[1][2][3][4] The plural is arboreturi;^[3][10] Marcu and Maneca also give arborete, and arboreți for the nautical sense.^[3][10]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. arbore
3. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 58
4. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 89
5. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. arboret
6. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
7. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 136
8. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. arboret
9. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. arboret
10. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. arboret
11. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 117
12. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 117