analiză

Forms

analiză f (plural analize)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French analyse, one of the French neologisms of the 19th century.^{[2][3][4][5][1]} The older variants analisis and analis come from Modern Greek ανάλυσις (análysis) and New Latin analysis.^[2] Tiktin traces it to the same Greek and Latin word.^[6]

The Greek word is Ancient Greek ἀνάλυσις (análusis, “a loosening, undoing”), which Aristotle's philosophy specialised for solving a problem by separating its parts, from ἀναλύω (analúō, “to undo, set free, dissolve”), ἀνα- (ana-) and λύω (lúō, “to loosen”).^[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's first record is the variant analisis in Samuil Micu's Logic of 1781.^[2] Tiktin's first date is 1799.^[6] MDA2 has the modern form from 1847, in the title of a grammar: Gramatica română cu analiză.^[3][5]

Semantic evolution

The word came in with the language of logic and science, as a method that takes a whole to pieces to study it, opposite to sinteză.^[2][5] DA lists its special uses: chemical and spectral analysis, mathematical analysis, grammatical and logical analysis of a sentence, literary and psychological analysis.^[5] The variant analis still occurs in Costache Negruzzi.^[5] The verb took two routes as well: analisi from Greek in 1795, then analiza from French analyser about 1832.^[2]

Timeline

• 1781 – analisis in Samuil Micu's Logic, the first record.^[2]
• 1795 – the verb analisi “to analyse”, from Greek.^[2]
• c. 1832 – the verb analiza, from French.^[2]
• 1840 – analist “analyst”.^[2]
• 1847 – Gramatica română cu analiză, a grammar title.^[3][5]
• 1870 – analizator in Costinescu's dictionary.^[2]
• 1931 – autoanaliză “self-analysis”.^[2]
• 1949 – microanaliză “microanalysis”.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. analysis: a method of research that studies each element of a whole in turn; a close examination of a problem;^[4][1] în ultimă analiză “in the final analysis, in conclusion”.^[4][1]
2. (chemistry) The identification of a substance's composition by breaking it down into its parts.^[4][3]
3. analiză matematică: mathematical analysis, the branch of mathematics that studies functions, limits and derivatives.^[4]

Word family

• analist
• analitic
• analiza
• analizabil
• analizator
• autoanaliza
• autoanaliză
• electroanaliză
• microanaliză
• neanalizabil

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. analiză
3. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 60
4. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 40
5. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. analiză
6. ^ a b Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. analiză