adaptare

Forms

adaptare f (plural adaptări)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian adapta + -re: the long infinitive of the verb, used as a noun of action.^[2][3][4][1] The verb adapta is recorded from 1781 and comes from learned Latin adaptō (“to fit to”) and French adapter, according to DELR.^[5] Ciorănescu and DA give only the French verb.^[5][6][7] The Latin verb is formed from ad- and aptō (“to fit, equip”), from aptus (“fastened, fitted”).^[5] CADE gives the noun as French by origin, alongside adaptațiune.^[8]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2 and DA take the first record from Titu Maiorescu's Critice (essays of 1867–1892), where he warns that the language may become a ruin of constructions made „fără nici o adaptare de stil” “without any adaptation of style”.^[3][2]

Semantic evolution

DA already had the special sense adaptare la mediu, the adjustment of a living being to its surroundings.^[2] Damé's dictionary glossed it with French adaptation.^[9] Twentieth-century dictionaries added the reworking of a literary work for the stage, radio or film, as in adaptare scenică and adaptare radiofonică.^[10][11] Translation studies use it for localisation.^[1]

Timeline

• 1867–1892 – adaptare de stil in Maiorescu's Critice; the first record of the noun.^[3][2]
• 1901 – neadaptare “failure to adapt”.^[5]
• 1926 – inadaptare “inability to adapt”.^[5]

Meanings

Noun

1. The act of adapting or of adapting oneself, and its result; adjustment, adaptation; concretely, a thing that has been modified.^[11][3][1]
2. (biology) The process by which living organisms change their structure and functions to suit their environment: adaptare la mediu.^[11][3]
3. adaptare literară: the dramatization of a literary text for the stage, the radio or the screen.^[11][12]
4. (translation studies) localisation.^[1]

Related words

• adapta
• adaptabil
• adaptație
• inadaptare

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. adaptare
3. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 14
4. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
5. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. adapta
6. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. adapta
7. ^ Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. adapta
8. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. adaptare
9. ^ Damé, Frédéric (1893–1895), Nouveau dictionnaire roumain-français, 4 vols., Bucarest: Imprimerie de l'État
10. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 21
11. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 12
12. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual