localization

Forms

• localisation (UK)

Etymology

It is formed from English localize + -ation,^[2][3] a noun of action to the verb.^[3] Localize is from English local + -ize, recorded from 1792 in Etymonline;^[3][2] for its senses "to confine to a part of the body" and "to assign to a place", the OED compares French localiser, recorded in French from 1798 and 1801.^[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

The organizing or establishing of something at a local level: 1812, in the Bury & Norwich Post, of a system of local auxiliary societies.^[2] Etymonline dates the word to 1811.^[3]

Semantic evolution

The OED's three senses all appear within twenty years: organization or adaptation at a local level (1812), confinement to a particular part of the body in medicine (1826), and the assigning of a thing to a place, or the finding of its location (1832).^[2] Etymonline notes that it was used especially of the perception of a sensation in some part of the body,^[3] and Merriam-Webster lists the restriction of a lesion to one area and of functions such as speech or sight to particular parts of the brain.^[4] The OED's first sense now includes adapting something for a local audience or market,^[2] the sense in which software, video games and translated media are "localized" for a country or region.^[1]

Timeline

• 1812 – organization or adaptation at a local level.^[2] Etymonline dates the word to 1811.^[3]
• 1826 – in medicine, the restriction of something to one part of the body.^[2]
• 1832 – the assigning of something to a place; the finding of its location.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. The act of localizing or the state of being localized.^[4][2]
2. The restriction of a lesion or disease to one part of the body, or of a function such as speech to one area of the brain.^[4][2]
3. The determining of the place of something, or the referring of a sensation to a particular part of the body: sound localization.^[4][2]
4. The adapting of a product, software or text to the language and customs of a particular country or region.^[2][1]

Related words

• locale
• localism
• locality
• locate
• localize
• local

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Oxford English Dictionary Online (accessed March 2026), Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b c d e f Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
4. ^ a b c d Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary (2024), online ed., Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster